How to format your references using the GMS Medizin - Bibliothek - Information citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for GMS Medizin - Bibliothek - Information. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Melton L. Imaging: the big picture. Nature. 2005 Sep 29;437(7059):775–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Carbone C, Gittleman JL. A common rule for the scaling of carnivore density. Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2273–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

London AJ, Parker LS, Aronson JD. Public health. DNA identification after conflict or disaster. Science. 2013 Sep 13;341(6151):1178–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Adelman ZN, Albritton LM, Boris-Lawrie K, Buchmeier MJ, Cannon P, Cho M, et al. Protect NIH’s DNA advisory committee. Science. 2018 Oct 26;362(6413):409–10.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

English JF. The Global Future of English Studies. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Williams J. Interdisciplinary Mathematics Education: A State of the Art. Roth WM, Swanson D, Doig B, Groves S, Omuvwie M, Borromeo Ferri R, et al., editors. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. VII, 36 p. 7 illus. (ICME-13 Topical Surveys).

A chapter in an edited book

Browning DJ. Systemic and Ocular Factors Influencing Diabetic Retinopathy. In: Browning DJ, editor. Diabetic Retinopathy: Evidence-Based Management. New York, NY: Springer; 2010. p. 77–103.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for GMS Medizin - Bibliothek - Information.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Impacts, Extinctions And Climate In The Search For Life Elsewhere. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/impacts-extinctions-and-climate-search-life-elsewhere/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FAA Oversight of Procedures and Technologies to Prevent and Mitigate the Effects of Dense, Continuous Smoke in the Cockpit. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013 Jun. Report No.: GAO-13-551R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Warren KL. Agents of change: A new role for learners in online workplace training [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Megalogenis G. Australia’s leftward turn. New York Times. 2017 May 11;0.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	GMS Medizin - Bibliothek - Information
ISSN (print)	1865-066X
Scope