How to format your references using the Global Social Challenges Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Global Social Challenges Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Knutson, B. (2004) Behavior. Sweet revenge?, Science (New York, N.Y.), 305(5688), 1246–1247.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fields, R.D. and Stevens-Graham, B. (2002) New insights into neuron-glia communication, Science (New York, N.Y.), 298(5593), 556–562.

A journal article with 3 authors

Post, D.M., Pace, M.L. and Hairston, N.G., Jr (2000) Ecosystem size determines food-chain length in lakes, Nature, 405(6790), 1047–1049.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yang, J., Li, J., Du, Z., et al (2014) Laser hybrid micro/nano-structuring of Si surfaces in air and its applications for SERS detection, Scientific reports, 4, 6657.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Poltorak, A.I. and Lerner, P.J. (2011) Essentials of Intellectual Property, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Li, Y. (2015) Lasso Peptides: Bacterial Strategies to Make and Maintain Bioactive Entangled Scaffolds. SpringerBriefs in Microbiology. Zirah, S. and Rebuffat, S. (eds.), New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Barinova, O., Lempitsky, V., Tretiak, E., et al (2010) “Geometric Image Parsing in Man-Made Environments.”, in Daniilidis, K., Maragos, P. and Paragios, N. (eds.), Computer Vision – ECCV 2010: 11th European Conference on Computer Vision, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, September 5-11, 2010, Proceedings, Part II. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp 57–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Global Social Challenges Journal.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016) The Human Heart Begins Beating Just 16 Days After Conception, IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1984) New Directions for Federal Programs To Aid Mathematics and Science Teaching. PEMD-84-5, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Powers, K.L. (2012) Real-time video streaming: Impact on maternal anxiety and the maternal-infant bond, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Neal, L. (2010) Quotation of the Day, New York Times, 7 April, p A2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Knutson, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Fields and Stevens-Graham, 2002; Knutson, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fields and Stevens-Graham, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Yang et al, 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Global Social Challenges Journal
ISSN (online)	2752-3349
Scope