How to format your references using the Global Change Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Global Change Biology (GCB). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schimel, D. S. (2010). Climate. Drylands in the Earth system. Science (New York, N.Y.), 327(5964), 418–419.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gheiratmand, M., & Mullen, K. T. (2014). Orientation tuning in human colour vision at detection threshold. Scientific Reports, 4, 4285.

A journal article with 3 authors

Šubelj, L., Fiala, D., & Bajec, M. (2014). Network-based statistical comparison of citation topology of bibliographic databases. Scientific Reports, 4, 6496.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Farrer, R. A., Henk, D. A., MacLean, D., Studholme, D. J., & Fisher, M. C. (2013). Using false discovery rates to benchmark SNP-callers in next-generation sequencing projects. Scientific Reports, 3, 1512.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Voigtman, E. (2017). Limits of Detection in Chemical Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Gandhi, A., Malhotra, N., Malhotra, J., Gupta, N., & Bora, N. M. (Eds.). (2016). Principles of Critical Care in Obstetrics: Volume II (1st ed. 2016). Springer India.

A chapter in an edited book

Grassom, B. (2016). Dream and Semblance: The Play of Art and Life. In A.-T. Tymieniecka & P. Trutty-Coohill (Eds.), The Cosmos and the Creative Imagination (pp. 59–71). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Global Change Biology.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014, May 7). Biodegradable Plastic Option From Shrimp Shells. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/biodegradable-plastic-option-shrimp-shells/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1991). Student Financial Aid: Education Can Do More to Screen Schools Before Students Receive Aid (HRD-91-145). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wirtz, Y. (2017). Strain Variation between the Monterey and Sisquoc Formations, Southern Santa Maria Basin, California, USA: Implications for Structural Assessment of Fold and Thrust Belts [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard, B. (2016, November 26). Rebels’ Plight Is Clear in Yemeni Capital. New York Times, A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schimel, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Gheiratmand & Mullen, 2014; Schimel, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gheiratmand & Mullen, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Farrer et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Global Change Biology
Abbreviation	Glob. Chang. Biol.
ISSN (print)	1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
Scope	General Environmental Science Ecology Environmental Chemistry Global and Planetary Change