How to format your references using the Giornale Italiano di Health Technology Assessment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Giornale Italiano di Health Technology Assessment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Neumann K. Anthropology. New Guinea: a cradle of agriculture. Science. 2003;301:180–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. O’Toole PW, Jeffery IB. Gut microbiota and aging. Science. 2015;350:1214–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Broza YY, Zuri L, Haick H. Combined volatolomics for monitoring of human body chemistry. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4611.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Ostermann A, Waschipky R, Parak FG, Nienhaus GU. Ligand binding and conformational motions in myoglobin. Nature. 2000;404:205–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Stokes DJ. Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure/Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (VP-ESEM). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

1. Baessler K, Burgio KL, Norton PA, Schüssler B, Moore KH, Stanton SL, editors. Pelvic Floor Re-education: Principles and Practice. Second Edition. London: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Sheikh MA, Erlich Y. Base-Calling for Bioinformaticians. In: Rodríguez-Ezpeleta N, Hackenberg M, Aransay AM, editors. Bioinformatics for High Throughput Sequencing. New York, NY: Springer; 2012. p. 67–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Giornale Italiano di Health Technology Assessment.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Why The Cradle Of Humankind Is One Of The Most Precious Fossil Sites In The World [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-cradle-humankind-one-most-precious-fossil-sites-world/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Comments on H.R. 3229 and H.R. 3240. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981 Jun. Report No.: B-203297.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Jordan AD. Measuring the efficacy of a Ninth Grade Academy on students with disabilities [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Anderson J. Family Pain, Rendered in Dazzling Color. New York Times. 2017 Apr 5;AR15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Giornale Italiano di Health Technology Assessment
ISSN (print)	2035-3510
ISSN (online)	2035-6129
Scope