How to format your references using the Geriatric Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geriatric Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Koen D. Nuts and bolts. Nature. 2005;433(7025):554.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shapiro B, Hofreiter M. A paleogenomic perspective on evolution and gene function: new insights from ancient DNA. Science. 2014;343(6169):1236573.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cordier P, Amodeo J, Carrez P. Modelling the rheology of MgO under Earth’s mantle pressure, temperature and strain rates. Nature. 2012;481(7380):177-180.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Valenzuela SO, Oliver WD, Berns DM, Berggren KK, Levitov LS, Orlando TP. Microwave-induced cooling of a superconducting qubit. Science. 2006;314(5805):1589-1592.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith DJ. Bond Math. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Clark SG, Hohl AM, Picard CH, Thomas E, eds. Large-Scale Conservation in the Common Interest. Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Cheikhrouhou L, Rock G, Stephan W, Schwan M, Lassmann G. Verifying a Chipcard-Based Biometric Identification Protocol in VSE. In: Górski J, ed. Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security: 25th International Conference, SAFECOMP 2006, Gdansk, Poland, September 27-29, 2006. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2006:42-56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geriatric Nursing.

Blog post

Andrews R. Why Are Cats So Insanely Afraid Of Cucumbers? IFLScience. Published November 16, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/cats-are-completely-terrified-cucumbers-why/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Environmental Protection: Rocket Tests in Mississippi to Be Heavily Restricted. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Backfish M. Electron Cloud in Steel Beam Pipe vs Titanium Nitride Coated and Amorphous Carbon Coated Beam Pipes in Fermilab’s Main Injector. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Strides, Often Painful, but Always, Always Forward. New York Times. April 26, 2010:D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Geriatric Nursing
Abbreviation	Geriatr. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	0197-4572
Scope	Gerontology