How to format your references using the Geriatric Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geriatric Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Whorton M. Structural biology: Calcium-activated proteins visualized. Nature. 2014;516(7530):176-178.

A journal article with 2 authors

Peebles PJE, Nusser A. Nearby galaxies as pointers to a better theory of cosmic evolution. Nature. 2010;465(7298):565-569.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shen HZ, Wang W, Yi XX. Hall conductance and topological invariant for open systems. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6455.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Grimm V, Revilla E, Berger U, et al. Pattern-oriented modeling of agent-based complex systems: lessons from ecology. Science. 2005;310(5750):987-991.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schwartz RA, Carew MG, Maksimenko T. Micro Markets Workbook. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Wu GY, Selsky N, Grant-Kels JM, eds. Atlas of Dermatological Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Disease. Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Bauer JW, Lang R, Jakab M, Kofler B. Galanin Family of Peptides in Skin Function. In: Hökfelt T, ed. Galanin. Experientia Supplementum. Springer; 2010:51-59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geriatric Nursing.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Watch What Happens When You Shoot Potassium Bullets Into Water. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Acquisition and Utilization of T-38 Jet Aircraft. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1971.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sherman LJ. Bridging the Attachment Transmission Gap with Maternal Mind-Mindedness and Infant Temperament. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gordon MR. How the President Wrongly Blamed The Times for a Terrorist’s Survival. New York Times. July 23, 2017:A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Geriatric Nursing
Abbreviation	Geriatr. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	0197-4572
Scope	Gerontology