How to format your references using the Geriatric Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geriatric Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Graddol D. The future of language. Science. 2004;303(5662):1329-1331.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nadeau RM, Guilhem A. Nonvolcanic tremor evolution and the San Simeon and Parkfield, California, earthquakes. Science. 2009;325(5937):191-193.

A journal article with 3 authors

Palter JB, Lozier MS, Barber RT. The effect of advection on the nutrient reservoir in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Nature. 2005;437(7059):687-692.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhong Y, Yan W, Chen J, Shangguan Z. Net ammonium and nitrate fluxes in wheat roots under different environmental conditions as assessed by scanning ion-selective electrode technique. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7223.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Utas G. Robust Communications Software. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Clark SG, Hohl AM, Picard CH, Thomas E, eds. Large-Scale Conservation in the Common Interest. Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Chou E, Güntürk CS, Krahmer F, Saab R, Yılmaz Ö. Noise-Shaping Quantization Methods for Frame-Based and Compressive Sampling Systems. In: Pfander GE, ed. Sampling Theory, a Renaissance: Compressive Sensing and Other Developments. Applied and Numerical Harmonic Analysis. Springer International Publishing; 2015:157-184.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geriatric Nursing.

Blog post

Andrew E. Cannibalism And Detachable Penises: The Unusual Sex Lives Of The Animal Kingdom. IFLScience. September 30, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/guest-blog-nature-sex-2/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Administration of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 in the Michigan and Ohio State Departments of Education. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Farnham RB. Processing and Inpainting of Sparse Data as Applied to Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Protess B. Corzine Tries a Wall Street Comeback. New York Times. May 18, 2017:BU1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Geriatric Nursing
Abbreviation	Geriatr. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	0197-4572
Scope	Gerontology