How to format your references using the Geothermal Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geothermal Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brenner MP. Fluid mechanics. Jets from a singular surface. Nature. 2000 Jan 27;403(6768):377–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nadeau JH, Dudley AM. Genetics. Systems genetics. Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1015–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

King J-R, Bekinschtein T, Dehaene S. Comment on “Preserved feedforward but impaired top-down processes in the vegetative state.” Science. 2011 Dec 2;334(6060):1203; author reply 1203.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ohto U, Fukase K, Miyake K, Satow Y. Crystal structures of human MD-2 and its complex with antiendotoxic lipid IVa. Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1632–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Holloway M, Nwaoha C. Dictionary of Industrial Terms. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Schattman GL, Esteves SC, Agarwal A, editors. Unexplained Infertility: Pathophysiology, Evaluation and Treatment. New York, NY: Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Gullà F, Ceccacci S, Germani M, Cavalieri L. Design Adaptable and Adaptive User Interfaces: A Method to Manage the Information. In: Andò B, Siciliano P, Marletta V, Monteriù A, editors. Ambient Assisted Living: Italian Forum 2014. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 47–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geothermal Energy.

Blog post

Andrew E. Does Global Warming Mean More Or Less Snow? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Digests of Unpublished Decisions of the Comptroller General of the United States, Vol. II, No. 12. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986 Sep. Report No.: 131721.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bladen L. Relationship of Embodied Nursing Knowledge and Client Outcomes in Home Health [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dorman JL. August Wilson’s Pittsburgh. New York Times. 2017 Aug 15;TR1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brenner 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Brenner 2000; Nadeau and Dudley 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nadeau and Dudley 2011)
Three or more authors: (Ohto et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geothermal Energy
Abbreviation	Geotherm. Energy
ISSN (online)	2195-9706
Scope