How to format your references using the Geothermal Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geothermal Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jokipii JR. Astronomy. Our interstellar neighborhood. Science. 2005 Mar 4;307(5714):1424–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Maroteaux M, Mameli M. Neuroscience. Synaptic switch and social status. Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):608–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shcherbina AY, Talley LD, Rudnick DL. Direct observations of North Pacific ventilation: brine rejection in the Okhotsk Sea. Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1952–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kramer M, Lyne AG, O’Brien JT, Jordan CA, Lorimer DR. A periodically active pulsar giving insight into magnetospheric physics. Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):549–51.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ciobanu CV, Wang C-Z, Ho K-M. Atomic Structure Prediction of Nanostructures, Clusters and Surfaces. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2013.

An edited book

Kachapi SHH. Dynamics and Vibrations: Progress in Nonlinear Analysis. Ganji DD, editor. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Kyrillidis L, Hili G, Cobourne S, Mayes K, Markantonakis K. Virtual World Authentication Using the Smart Card Web Server. In: Thampi SM, Atrey PK, Fan C-I, Perez GM, editors. Security in Computing and Communications: International Symposium, SSCC 2013, Mysore, India, August 22-24, 2013. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 30–41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geothermal Energy.

Blog post

Andrew E. Study Says British Drinking Guidelines Are “Unrealistic” And “Irrelevant” [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/study-says-british-drinking-guidelines-are-unrealistic-and-irrelevant/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Management Improvement in the Federal Government. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986 Feb. Report No.: 129190.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pan Y. Long-Term Effects of Higher-Quality Early Childhood Education for At-Risk Children on Their Later Development and Resilience [Doctoral dissertation]. [Chapel Hill, NC]: University of North Carolina; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McAULEY J. The Artists and Their Alley. New York Times. 2016 Sep 22;M2178.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Jokipii 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Jokipii 2005; Maroteaux and Mameli 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Maroteaux and Mameli 2011)
Three or more authors: (Kramer et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geothermal Energy
Abbreviation	Geotherm. Energy
ISSN (online)	2195-9706
Scope