How to format your references using the Geothermal Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geothermal Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stefánsson K. Genome-sequencing anniversary. An anniversary party. Science. 2011 Feb 11;331(6018):691.

A journal article with 2 authors

Phillips GN, Evans KA. Role of CO2 in the formation of gold deposits. Nature. 2004 Jun 24;429(6994):860–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gambardella A, Prezioso M, Cavallini M. Tunnel conductivity switching in a single nanoparticle-based nano floating gate memory. Sci. Rep. 2014 Feb 26;4:4196.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wu T, Fu F, Zhang Y, Wang L. Adaptive role switching promotes fairness in networked ultimatum game. Sci. Rep. 2013;3:1550.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Allin P, Hand DJ. The Wellbeing of Nations. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Bostrom A, French S, Gottlieb S, editors. Risk Assessment, Modeling and Decision Support: Strategic Directions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Mozolová D, Rovenský J, Sipeki T. From “Sine Syndrome” to Sjögren’s Syndrome. In: Rovenský J, Herold M, Vašáková M, editors. Sine Syndromes in Rheumatology. Vienna: Springer; 2014. p. 31–6.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geothermal Energy.

Blog post

Luntz S. Researcher Confirms The Effectiveness Of Fertility Technique That Led To His Conception [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/researcher-confirms-the-effectiveness-of-fertility-technique-that-led-to-his-conception/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Social Security Numbers: Stronger Protections Needed When Contractors Have Access to SSNs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006 Jan. Report No.: GAO-06-238.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Greene L. Perceptions Of Women Leaders In A Catholic Archdiocese: A Phenomenological Study [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E. Children’s Books. New York Times. 1997 Apr 27;729.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Stefánsson 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Phillips and Evans 2004; Stefánsson 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Phillips and Evans 2004)
Three or more authors: (Wu et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geothermal Energy
Abbreviation	Geotherm. Energy
ISSN (online)	2195-9706
Scope