How to format your references using the Geotextiles and Geomembranes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geotextiles and Geomembranes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

DeWeerdt, S., 2015. Prognosis: Proportionate response. Nature 528, S124-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Finkelstein, I., Piasetzky, E., 2003. Comment on “14C dates from Tel Rehov: Iron-Age chronology, pharaohs, and Hebrew kings.” Science 302, 568; author reply 568.

A journal article with 3 authors

Salter, M.G., Franklin, K.A., Whitelam, G.C., 2003. Gating of the rapid shade-avoidance response by the circadian clock in plants. Nature 426, 680–683.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang, Z., Chong, Y., Joannopoulos, J.D., Soljacić, M., 2009. Observation of unidirectional backscattering-immune topological electromagnetic states. Nature 461, 772–775.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Purkis, S., Klemas, V., 2011. Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, West Sussex, UK.

An edited book

Camenisch, J., Kesdoğan, D. (Eds.), 2016. Open Problems in Network Security: IFIP WG 11.4 International Workshop, iNetSec 2015, Zurich, Switzerland, October 29, 2015, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Marques de Sá, J.P., Silva, L.M.A., Santos, J.M.F., Alexandre, L.A., 2013. MEE with Discrete Errors, in: Silva, L.M.A., Santos, J.M.F., Alexandre, L.A. (Eds.), Minimum Error Entropy Classification, Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 93–120.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geotextiles and Geomembranes.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2016. Despite The Hype, Fewer Millennials Are Having Sex Than Predecessors [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/despite-the-hype-fewer-millennials-are-having-sex-than-predecessors/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1995. Government Aircraft: Observations on Travel by Senior Officials (No. NSIAD-95-168BR). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Latronica, A.N., 2016. The effect of emotion regulation on stress and the role of executive function (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly, E., 1994. PLAYING IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD. New York Times 148.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (DeWeerdt, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (DeWeerdt, 2015; Finkelstein and Piasetzky, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Finkelstein and Piasetzky, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geotextiles and Geomembranes
Abbreviation	Geotextiles Geomembranes
ISSN (print)	0266-1144
Scope	Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology General Materials Science