How to format your references using the Geotextiles and Geomembranes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geotextiles and Geomembranes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wright, P.A., 2010. Chemistry. Opening the door to peptide-based porous solids. Science 329, 1025–1026.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kofman, A.G., Kurizki, G., 2000. Acceleration of quantum decay processes by frequent observations. Nature 405, 546–550.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bao, H., Yu, S., Tong, D.Q., 2010. Massive volcanic SO(2) oxidation and sulphate aerosol deposition in Cenozoic North America. Nature 465, 909–912.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Beheregaray, L.B., Ciofi, C., Geist, D., Gibbs, J.P., Caccone, A., Powell, J.R., 2003. Genes record a prehistoric volcano eruption in the Galápagos. Science 302, 75.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Russell, C., 2006. Trustee Investment Strategy for Endowments and Foundations. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Pandi-Perumal, S.R., Cardinali, D.P., Chrousos, G.P. (Eds.), 2007. Neuroimmunology of Sleep. Springer US, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

Lu, C.-J., 2009. On the Security Loss in Cryptographic Reductions, in: Joux, A. (Ed.), Advances in Cryptology - EUROCRYPT 2009: 28th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Cologne, Germany, April 26-30, 2009. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 72–87.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geotextiles and Geomembranes.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. If Everyone Lived in An ‘Ecovillage’, the Earth Would Still be in Trouble [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/if-everyone-lived-ecovillage-earth-would-still-be-trouble/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1998. Technology Transfer: Administration of the Bayh-Dole Act by Research Universities (No. RCED-98-126). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grzeda, S., 2012. Use of Binomial Cluster Analysis in the Identification of Temporary Disaster Debris Management Sites (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G., 2010. A Continent’s Hopes Are Swatted Away. New York Times D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wright, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Kofman and Kurizki, 2000; Wright, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kofman and Kurizki, 2000)
Three or more authors: (Beheregaray et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geotextiles and Geomembranes
Abbreviation	Geotextiles Geomembranes
ISSN (print)	0266-1144
Scope	Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology General Materials Science