How to format your references using the Geosystem Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geosystem Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goroff, D. L. (2015). Information access. Balancing privacy versus accuracy in research protocols. Science (New York, N.Y.), 347(6221), 479–480.

A journal article with 2 authors

Li, L., & Wang, Y. (2014). What drives the aerosol distribution in Guangdong--the most developed province in Southern China? Scientific Reports, 4, 5972.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhao, Y., Samal, E., & Srivastava, D. (2005). Serum response factor regulates a muscle-specific microRNA that targets Hand2 during cardiogenesis. Nature, 436(7048), 214–220.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Falck, J., Mailand, N., Syljuåsen, R. G., Bartek, J., & Lukas, J. (2001). The ATM-Chk2-Cdc25A checkpoint pathway guards against radioresistant DNA synthesis. Nature, 410(6830), 842–847.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Münch, V. (2009). Patente, Marken, Design von A bis Z. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.

An edited book

Hüfner, S. (Ed.). (2007). Very High Resolution Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Vol. 715). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Lee, E. Y. (2012). Congenital Lung Masses. In R. H. Cleveland (Ed.), Imaging in Pediatric Pulmonology (pp. 31–38). Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geosystem Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2013, November 26). Supernova Remnant Illuminated by Massive Shock Wave. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/supernova-remnant-illuminated-massive-shock-wave/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1977). Survey of the Pricing of a NASA Contract with Eldec Corporation (089013). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hertzman, R. (2013). Yemen’s migrant networks as critical factor in political opposition to the Imamate [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Thrush, G., Kelly, K., & Haberman, M. (2017, February 26). Widespread Cuts in Trump Budget Bypass Military. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goroff, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Goroff, 2015; Li & Wang, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Li & Wang, 2014)
Three authors: (Zhao et al., 2005)
6 or more authors: (Falck et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geosystem Engineering
ISSN (print)	1226-9328
ISSN (online)	2166-3394
Scope	Environmental Engineering Pollution Waste Management and Disposal