How to format your references using the Geosystem Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geosystem Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wootton, J. T. (2005). Field parameterization and experimental test of the neutral theory of biodiversity. Nature, 433(7023), 309–312.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ghazanfar, A. A., & Logothetis, N. K. (2003). Neuroperception: facial expressions linked to monkey calls. Nature, 423(6943), 937–938.

A journal article with 3 authors

Glasauer, S., Langley, S., & Beveridge, T. J. (2002). Intracellular iron minerals in a dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5552), 117–119.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Li, Y., Yu, G., Liang, B., Zou, X., Li, G., Cheng, S., & Cheng, J. (2014). Three-dimensional ultrathin planar lenses by acoustic metamaterials. Scientific Reports, 4, 6830.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hammes, G. G. (2005). Spectroscopy for the Biological Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Shabtai, A. (2012). A Survey of Data Leakage Detection and Prevention Solutions (Y. Elovici & L. Rokach, Eds.). Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

du Plessis, J., & Sandrock, O. (2007). The German System of Supervisory Codetermination by Employees. In B. Großfeld, C. Luttermann, I. Saenger, & O. Sandrock (Eds.), German Corporate Governance in International and European Context (pp. 111–144). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geosystem Engineering.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2015, October 26). Rival Company Offers 1 Alternative Pill To Martin Shkreli’s 750 HIV Medication. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/rival-company-offers-1-alternative-pill-martin-shkreli-s-750-hiv-medication/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2009). Social Security Administration: Effective Information Technology Management Essential for Data Center Initiative (GAO-09-662T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Spidell, R. M. (2017). Reexamining Richard Strauss’s Second Horn Concerto as a Significant Contribution to Twentieth-Century Music [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K. (2006, August 5). No Sawdust, But a Real Pit. New York Times, NJ6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wootton, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Ghazanfar & Logothetis, 2003; Wootton, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ghazanfar & Logothetis, 2003)
Three authors: (Glasauer et al., 2002)
6 or more authors: (Li et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geosystem Engineering
ISSN (print)	1226-9328
ISSN (online)	2166-3394
Scope	Environmental Engineering Pollution Waste Management and Disposal