How to format your references using the Geosystem Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geosystem Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dickson, D. (2000). Mathematicians chase the seven million-dollar proofs. Nature, 405(6785), 383.

A journal article with 2 authors

Paul, W. E., & Germain, R. N. (2003). Obituary: Charles A. Janeway Jr (1943-2003). Nature, 423(6937), 237.

A journal article with 3 authors

Miller, J. R., Outlaw, R. A., & Holloway, B. C. (2010). Graphene double-layer capacitor with ac line-filtering performance. Science (New York, N.Y.), 329(5999), 1637–1639.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Wang, H., Ouyang, Y., Somers, W. G., Chia, W., & Lu, B. (2007). Polo inhibits progenitor self-renewal and regulates Numb asymmetry by phosphorylating Pon. Nature, 449(7158), 96–100.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Saliba, A. J., Corona, J. C., & Johnson, K. E. (2010). Option Spread Strategies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Boffin, H. M. J., Carraro, G., & Beccari, G. (Eds.). (2015). Ecology of Blue Straggler Stars (Vol. 413). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Fox, J. J., & Bartholomae, S. (2008). Financial Education and Program Evaluation. In J. J. Xiao (Ed.), Handbook of Consumer Finance Research (pp. 47–68). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geosystem Engineering.

Blog post

Evans, K. (2016, September 14). Pigeons Can Depose A Leader By Staging A Coup. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/pigeons-can-depose-a-leader-by-staging-coup/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1978). The Management and Operation of the Runaway Youth Program Administered by the Administration for Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (105325). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Seegmiller Renner, A. (2017). Empathy Development Through Role Modeling: A Qualitative Study of Instructor Experiences [Doctoral dissertation]. Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K. (2010, November 28). More Than Moussaka. New York Times, NJ10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dickson, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Dickson, 2000; Paul & Germain, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Paul & Germain, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geosystem Engineering
ISSN (print)	1226-9328
ISSN (online)	2166-3394
Scope	Environmental Engineering Pollution Waste Management and Disposal