How to format your references using the Geoscience Frontiers citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geoscience Frontiers. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Service, R.F., 2000. NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY: Element 107 Leaves the Table Unturned. Science 289, 1270.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tsuchiya, T., Eulgem, T., 2013. Mutations in EDM2 selectively affect silencing states of transposons and induce plant developmental plasticity. Sci. Rep. 3, 1701.

A journal article with 3 authors

Soares, L., Parisi, M., Bonini, N.M., 2014. Axon injury and regeneration in the adult Drosophila. Sci. Rep. 4, 6199.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Adelman, Z.N., Albritton, L.M., Boris-Lawrie, K., Buchmeier, M.J., Cannon, P., Cho, M., DiGiusto, D., Donahue, J.K., Federoff, H.J., Hammarskjold, M.-L., Hardison, A.D., Hearing, P., Lee, B., Lee, D.A., Porteus, M.H., Ross, L.F., Ross, S.R., Wooley, D.P., Zoloth, L., 2018. Protect NIH’s DNA advisory committee. Science 362, 409–410.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vegh, A., 2010. Web Development with the Mac®. Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA.

An edited book

Yelon, J.A., Luchette, F.A. (Eds.), 2014. Geriatric Trauma and Critical Care. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Lim, J.-H., Song, C.-W., Chung, K.-Y., Rim, K.-W., Lee, J.-H., 2013. Forensic Evidence Collection Procedures of Smartphone in Crime Scene, in: Kim, K.J., Chung, K.-Y. (Eds.), IT Convergence and Security 2012, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 35–41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geoscience Frontiers.

Blog post

Taub, B., 2016. Medical Examiner’s Report Shows Prince Died After Overdosing On Painkiller That’s 80 Times Stronger Than Morphine [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/medical-examiner-s-report-shows-prince-died-after-overdosing-painkiller-80-times-stronger-morphine/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1984. GSA’s Telecommunications Procurement Program Requires Comprehensive Planning and Management (No. IMTEC-84-10). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gade, S., 2017. Design and Implementation of Hybrid Hyperchaotic Sequences for Chaos-Based Communication Systems (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G.G., 2016. Comic Book Aims to Help Orlando Survivors. New York Times C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Service, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Service, 2000; Tsuchiya and Eulgem, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tsuchiya and Eulgem, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Adelman et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geoscience Frontiers
ISSN (print)	1674-9871
Scope