How to format your references using the Geophysics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geophysics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

DeWeerdt, S., 2015, Microbiome: Microbial mystery: Nature, 521, S10-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bettencourt, L., and G. West, 2010, A unified theory of urban living: Nature, 467, 912–913.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ergon, T., X. Lambin, and N. C. Stenseth, 2001, Life-history traits of voles in a fluctuating population respond to the immediate environment: Nature, 411, 1043–1045.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chhangani, D., A. Upadhyay, A. Amanullah, V. Joshi, and A. Mishra, 2014, Ubiquitin ligase ITCH recruitment suppresses the aggregation and cellular toxicity of cytoplasmic misfolded proteins: Scientific Reports, 4, 5077.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stein, R. L., 2011, Kinetics of Enzyme Action: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

2014, Technology and Manufacturing Process Selection: The Product Life Cycle Perspective (E. Henriques, P. Pecas, and A. Silva, eds.,): Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

van Minnen, L. P., and T. M. Moojen, 2015, Flexor Tendon Reconstruction, in I. A. Trail and A. N. M. Fleming, eds., Disorders of the Hand: Volume 2: Hand Reconstruction and Nerve Compression, Springer, 75–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geophysics.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2014, What Is This Strange Object At The Center Of Our Galaxy? IFLScience. Available at https://www.iflscience.com/space/mysterious-gas-cloud-passed-near-our-galaxys-black-hole/. Accessed October 30, 2018 IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2005, Financial Market Organizations Have Taken Steps to Protect against Electronic Attacks, but Could Take Additional Actions: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hitchings, J. D., 2008, Teachers’ perceptions of evidence-based decision making: A case study of three schools in British Columbia.Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenixp.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S. K., 2004, World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Putin Orders “Stalingrad” On Memorial: New York Times, A5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (DeWeerdt, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Bettencourt and West, 2010; DeWeerdt, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bettencourt and West, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Chhangani et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geophysics
ISSN (print)	0016-8033
ISSN (online)	1942-2156
Scope