How to format your references using the Geophysics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geophysics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Boisvert, C. A., 2005, The pelvic fin and girdle of Panderichthys and the origin of tetrapod locomotion: Nature, 438, 1145–1147.

A journal article with 2 authors

Barthelme, D., and R. T. Sauer, 2012, Identification of the Cdc48•20S proteasome as an ancient AAA+ proteolytic machine: Science (New York, N.Y.), 337, 843–846.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yamashita, T., T. Hige, and T. Takahashi, 2005, Vesicle endocytosis requires dynamin-dependent GTP hydrolysis at a fast CNS synapse: Science (New York, N.Y.), 307, 124–127.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Petersen, J. M., F. U. Zielinski, T. Pape, R. Seifert, C. Moraru, R. Amann, S. Hourdez, P. R. Girguis, S. D. Wankel, V. Barbe, E. Pelletier, D. Fink, C. Borowski, W. Bach, and N. Dubilier, 2011, Hydrogen is an energy source for hydrothermal vent symbioses: Nature, 476, 176–180.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lieberman, J. A., and A. Tasman, 2006, Handbook of Psychiatric Drugs: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Matyáš, R., 2013, Primary Explosives (J. Pachman, ed.,): Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Chiang, C. C., and J. Kawa, 2007, Systematic Yield - Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP), in J. Kawa, ed., Design for Manufacturability and Yield for Nano-Scale CMOS, , . Series on Integrated Circuits and SystemsSpringer Netherlands, 99–150.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geophysics.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2017, Red Dwarf Planets Might Not Be That Habitable After All. IFLScience. Available at https://www.iflscience.com/space/red-dwarf-planets-might-not-be-that-habitable-after-all/. Accessed October 30, 2018 IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1996, Weather Forecasting: NWS Has Not Demonstrated That New Processing System Will Improve Mission Effectiveness: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

DeMoss, M. D., 2010, Mapping the issues: A content analysis of elementary and secondary education news stories from 1968 to 2008 on television networks.Doctoral dissertation, Capella Universityp.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara, S., 2015, Depicting Envy, ‘the Most Corrosive of the Sins’: New York Times, WE8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Boisvert, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Boisvert, 2005; Barthelme and Sauer, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Barthelme and Sauer, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Petersen et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geophysics
ISSN (print)	0016-8033
ISSN (online)	1942-2156
Scope