How to format your references using the Geophysics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geophysics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Petley, D. N., 2013, Geophysics. Characterizing giant landslides: Science (New York, N.Y.), 339, 1395–1396.

A journal article with 2 authors

Imambekov, A., and L. I. Glazman, 2009, Universal theory of nonlinear Luttinger liquids: Science (New York, N.Y.), 323, 228–231.

A journal article with 3 authors

Titus, S. L., J. A. Wells, and L. J. Rhoades, 2008, Repairing research integrity: Nature, 453, 980–982.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Colaprete, A., P. Schultz, J. Heldmann, D. Wooden, M. Shirley, K. Ennico, B. Hermalyn, W. Marshall, A. Ricco, R. C. Elphic, D. Goldstein, D. Summy, G. D. Bart, E. Asphaug, D. Korycansky, D. Landis, and L. Sollitt, 2010, Detection of water in the LCROSS ejecta plume: Science (New York, N.Y.), 330, 463–468.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vaughan, D., N. Robinson, N. Lucas, and S. Arulkumaran, 2010, Handbook of Obstetric High Dependency Care: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Rhodes, J., 2009, The Q-Theory of Finite Semigroups (B. Steinberg, ed.,): Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Pavlova, M., and T. Lomakina, 2016, Sustainable Development as a World-view: Implications for Education, in C.-M. Lam and J. Park, eds., Sociological and Philosophical Perspectives on Education in the Asia-Pacific Region, , . Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues, Concerns and ProspectsSpringer, 37–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geophysics.

Blog post

Davis, J., 2017, The Majority Of Europeans Say They Are Already Feeling The Impact Of Climate Change. IFLScience. Available at https://www.iflscience.com/environment/the-majority-of-europeans-say-they-are-already-feeling-the-impact-of-climate-change/. Accessed October 30, 2018 IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1996, Higher Education: Tuition Increasing Faster Than Household Income and Public Colleges’ Costs: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Butler, M. L., 2017, Floating Homelands: Postnational Constructions of Home in Contemporary Africana Women’s Literature.Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisianap.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

SOPHIA OKUN TRACY; Sophia Okun Tracy lives in New Rochelle, 1987, TATTERED REMINDERS OF WORDS TO INSPIRE A CHILD: New York Times, 11WC28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Petley, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Imambekov and Glazman, 2009; Petley, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Imambekov and Glazman, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Colaprete et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geophysics
ISSN (print)	0016-8033
ISSN (online)	1942-2156
Scope