How to format your references using the Geophysical Journal International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geophysical Journal International (GJI). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Seife, C., 2000. MATERIALS SCIENCE: Long-Wavelength Lasers Sniff Out New Uses. Science, 290, 916–917.

A journal article with 2 authors

Carvalho, A.B. & Clark, A.G., 2005. Y chromosome of D. pseudoobscura is not homologous to the ancestral Drosophila Y. Science, 307, 108–110.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bradley, P., Misura, K.M.S. & Baker, D., 2005. Toward high-resolution de novo structure prediction for small proteins. Science, 309, 1868–1871.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Heaphy, C.M., Wilde, R.F. de, Jiao, Y., Klein, A.P., Edil, B.H., Shi, C., Bettegowda, C., et al., 2011. Altered telomeres in tumors with ATRX and DAXX mutations. Science, 333, 425.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Johnston, D., 2011. A Brief History of Justice, Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Voelkel, N.F. & Schranz, D. (Eds.), 2015. The Right Ventricle in Health and Disease. Respiratory Medicine, Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kundu, D. & Nandi, S., 2012. Asymptotic Properties. in Statistical Signal Processing: Frequency Estimation SpringerBriefs in Statistics, pp. 45–78, ed. Nandi, S., Springer India.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geophysical Journal International.

Blog post

Carpineti, C., 2017, February 26. This Parasite Infested Snail Looks Like Something From A Horror Movie. IFLScience, IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/this-parasite-infested-snail-looks-like-something-from-a-horror-movie/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1989. State Department: Problems in the Diplomatic Courier System ( No. NSIAD-89-39), Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lam, N.N., 2013. The effect of racial disparities and adult supervision in Human Papillomavirus knowledge among female adolescents, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, L.C.C., 1981, December 5. PEARL HARBOR’S INFAMY, MY FATHER’S FAME. New York Times, 125.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Seife 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Seife 2000; Carvalho & Clark 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Carvalho & Clark 2005)
Three or more authors: (Heaphy et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geophysical Journal International
ISSN (print)	0956-540X
ISSN (online)	1365-246X
Scope