How to format your references using the Geophysical Journal International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geophysical Journal International (GJI). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Koshland, D.E., Jr, 2007. Philosophy of science. The Cha-Cha-Cha Theory of Scientific Discovery. Science, 317, 761–762.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kambe, T. & Oshima, K., 2014. Dynamically fluctuating electric dipole moments in fullerene-based magnets. Sci. Rep., 4, 6419.

A journal article with 3 authors

Reich, D.S., Mechler, F. & Victor, J.D., 2001. Independent and redundant information in nearby cortical neurons. Science, 294, 2566–2568.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Yu, L., Alva, A., Su, H., Dutt, P., Freundt, E., Welsh, S., Baehrecke, E.H., et al., 2004. Regulation of an ATG7-beclin 1 program of autophagic cell death by caspase-8. Science, 304, 1500–1502.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Attwood, D., Baybutt, P., Devlin, C., Fluharty, W., Hughes, G., Isaacson, D., Joyner, P., et al., 2006. Human Factors Methods for Improving Performance in the Process Industries, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Germanakos, P., 2016. Human-Centred Web Adaptation and Personalization: From Theory to Practice. (M. Belk, Ed.)Human–Computer Interaction Series, 1st ed. 2016., Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Moss, S. & Hurley, A.D., 2014. Integrating Assessment Instruments within the Diagnostic Process. in Handbook of Psychopathology in Intellectual Disability: Research, Practice, and Policy Autism and Child Psychopathology Series, pp. 43–61, eds. Tsakanikos, E. & McCarthy, J., Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geophysical Journal International.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015, February 4. Virtual Bodyswapping Reduces Bias Against Other Races. IFLScience, IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/brain/virtual-bodyswapping-reduces-bias-against-other-races/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1986. Contract Pricing: Subcontractor Prices Overstated on AN/TSQ-111 Communications Contract ( No. NSIAD-86-166), Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fadamin, A., 2017. Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemistry of the Ruthenium Schiff Base Complex [(Saloph)Ru(NO)Cl], Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G., 2010, March 14. Jordan’s No. 23 Just Isn’t the Retiring Type. New York Times, SP6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Koshland 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Koshland 2007; Kambe & Oshima 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kambe & Oshima 2014)
Three or more authors: (Yu et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geophysical Journal International
ISSN (print)	0956-540X
ISSN (online)	1365-246X
Scope