How to format your references using the Geophysical Journal International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geophysical Journal International (GJI). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Whitfield, J., 2003. Alien-hunters get scope to search. Nature, 422, 249.

A journal article with 2 authors

Denicourt, C. & Dowdy, S.F., 2004. Medicine. Targeting apoptotic pathways in cancer cells. Science, 305, 1411–1413.

A journal article with 3 authors

Su, D., Dou, S. & Wang, G., 2014. Single crystalline Co3O4 nanocrystals exposed with different crystal planes for Li-O2 batteries. Sci. Rep., 4, 5767.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Cai, D., Wu, Z., Jiang, J., Wu, Y., Feng, H., Brown, I.G., Chu, P.K., et al., 2014. Controlling nitrogen migration through micro-nano networks. Sci. Rep., 4, 3665.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Scott, D.M., 2009. World Wide Rave, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Su, J., Zhao, B., Sun, Z., Wang, X., Wang, F. & Xu, K. (Eds.), 2013. Frontiers in Internet Technologies: Second CCF Internet Conference of China, ICoC 2013, Zhangjiajie, China, July 10, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Communications in Computer and Information Science, Vol. 401, Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ho, C.Y.Y. & Mak, W.W.S., 2013. HIV-Related Stigma Across Cultures: Adding Family into the Equation. in Stigma, Discrimination and Living with HIV/AIDS: A Cross-Cultural Perspective, pp. 53–69, ed. Liamputtong, P., Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geophysical Journal International.

Blog post

Andrew, D., 2015, February 23. Awesome X-Ray View Of A Man Swallowing. IFLScience, IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/x-ray-imaging-guy-eating-and-drinking/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2012. General Aviation Safety: Additional FAA Efforts Could Help Identify and Mitigate Safety Risks ( No. GAO-13-36), Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fay, C., 2017. Aposematic Variation and the Evolution of Warning Coloration in Mammals, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M., 2010, April 29. Feeling Free of All Ties. New York Times, E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Whitfield 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Whitfield 2003; Denicourt & Dowdy 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Denicourt & Dowdy 2004)
Three or more authors: (Cai et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geophysical Journal International
ISSN (print)	0956-540X
ISSN (online)	1365-246X
Scope