How to format your references using the Geomorphology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geomorphology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ransohoff, D.F., 2003. Cancer. Developing molecular biomarkers for cancer. Science 299, 1679–1680.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shintani, T., Klionsky, D.J., 2004. Autophagy in health and disease: a double-edged sword. Science 306, 990–995.

A journal article with 3 authors

Alston, J.M., Beddow, J.M., Pardey, P.G., 2009. Agriculture. Agricultural research, productivity, and food prices in the long run. Science 325, 1209–1210.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Liu, J., Daily, G.C., Ehrlich, P.R., Luck, G.W., 2003. Effects of household dynamics on resource consumption and biodiversity. Nature 421, 530–533.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lieberman, N.P., 2010. Process Engineering for a Small Planet. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Dragos, D.C., Neamtu, B. (Eds.), 2014. Alternative Dispute Resolution in European Administrative Law. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Pavie, X., Egal, J., 2014. Innovation and Responsibility: A Managerial Approach to the Integration of Responsibility in a Disruptive Innovation Model, in: van den Hoven, J., Doorn, N., Swierstra, T., Koops, B.-J., Romijn, H. (Eds.), Responsible Innovation 1: Innovative Solutions for Global Issues. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 53–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geomorphology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Imagining Strange New Lifeforms Could Help Us Discover Our Own Origins [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/imagining-strange-new-lifeforms-could-help-us-discover-our-own-origins/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1977. Human Resources Research and Development Results Can Be Better Managed (No. FPCD-77-43). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Darwich, M.K., 2017. Cost-Efficient Video On Demand (VOD) Streaming Using Cloud Services (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L., 2006. Route 110 Plan Worries Some Merchants. New York Times LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ransohoff, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Ransohoff, 2003; Shintani and Klionsky, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shintani and Klionsky, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geomorphology
Abbreviation	Geomorphology (Amst.)
ISSN (print)	0169-555X
Scope	Earth-Surface Processes