How to format your references using the Electronic Commerce Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Electronic Commerce Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McLaren, J. R. (2014). Ecology: Diversity in the afterlife. Nature, 509(7499), 173–174.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhang, J., & Ferré-D’Amaré, A. R. (2013). Co-crystal structure of a T-box riboswitch stem I domain in complex with its cognate tRNA. Nature, 500(7462), 363–366.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dillin, A., Crawford, D. K., & Kenyon, C. (2002). Timing requirements for insulin/IGF-1 signaling in C. elegans. Science (New York, N.Y.), 298(5594), 830–834.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

de Ruiter, P. C., Wolters, V., Moore, J. C., & Winemiller, K. O. (2005). Ecology. Food web ecology: playing Jenga and beyond. Science (New York, N.Y.), 309(5731), 68–71.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Laster, B. (2016). Professional Git®. Indianapolis, IN, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Chatterjee, A., & Siarry, P. (Eds.). (2013). Computational Intelligence in Image Processing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Johnson, L. L., Bass, T., & Hicks, M. (2014). Creating Critical Spaces for Youth Activists. In P. Paugh, T. Kress, & R. Lake (Eds.), Teaching towards Democracy with Postmodern and Popular Culture Texts (pp. 37–58). Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Electronic Commerce Research.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, September 12). Gibbon Genome Reveals Why They’re the Swing Kings. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/gibbon-genome-reveals-why-theyre-swing-kings/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2003). Joint Strike Fighter Acquisition: Cooperative Program Needs Greater Oversight to Ensure Goals Are Met (No. GAO-03-775). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Springborn, T. (2017). The Importance of Teacher/Student Relationships (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik, J. (2017, June 6). Politics Beyond the Scripted. New York Times, p. C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Electronic Commerce Research
Abbreviation	Electron. Commer. Res.
ISSN (print)	1389-5753
ISSN (online)	1572-9362
Scope	Human-Computer Interaction Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)

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