How to format your references using the Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schlessinger J (2004) Common and distinct elements in cellular signaling via EGF and FGF receptors. Science 306:1506–1507

A journal article with 2 authors

Wulder MA, Coops NC (2014) Satellites: Make Earth observations open access. Nature 513:30–31

A journal article with 3 authors

D’Orazio DJ, Haiman Z, Schiminovich D (2015) Relativistic boost as the cause of periodicity in a massive black-hole binary candidate. Nature 525:351–353

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Smith DE, Tans SJ, Smith SB, et al (2001) The bacteriophage straight phi29 portal motor can package DNA against a large internal force. Nature 413:748–752

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pasternak JJ (2005) An Introduction to Human Molecular Genetics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Whitacre DM (ed) (2013) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Rosario TC, Dorsey JM (2016) Conclusion: Transition(ing) to What? In: Dorsey JM (ed) Comparative Political Transitions between Southeast Asia and the Middle East and North Africa: Lost in Transition. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY, pp 123–138

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources.

Blog post

Hale T (2017) World’s Rarest Boa Seen For The First Time In Over 60 Years. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/worlds-rarest-boa-seen-for-the-first-time-in-over-60-years/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1981) Doctoral Programs in Public Administration: Some Basic Data and a Few Comments. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ellis GS (2012) Compound-Specific Stable Isotopic Analysis of Protein Amino Acids: Ecological Applications in Modern and Ancient Systems. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2010) Jets Cause a Spectacle, This Time on the Field. New York Times D5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schlessinger 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Schlessinger 2004; Wulder and Coops 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wulder and Coops 2014)
Three or more authors: (Smith et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources
ISSN (print)	2363-8419
ISSN (online)	2363-8427
Scope