How to format your references using the Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Xu X (2013) Enhanced trion emission from colloidal quantum dots with photonic crystals by two-photon excitation. Sci Rep 3:3228

A journal article with 2 authors

Flatt T, Promislow DEL (2007) Physiology. Still pondering an age-old question. Science 318:1255–1256

A journal article with 3 authors

Mogilner A, Allard J, Wollman R (2012) Cell polarity: quantitative modeling as a tool in cell biology. Science 336:175–179

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Mazloumian A, Helbing D, Lozano S, et al (2013) Global multi-level analysis of the “scientific food web.” Sci Rep 3:1167

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Seyfried TN (2012) Cancer as a Metabolic Disease. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Lozano MD, Gallud JA, Tesoriero R, Penichet VMR (eds) (2013) Distributed User Interfaces: Usability and Collaboration. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Bassi E, Leoni D, Leucci S, et al (2014) Opening Public Deliberations: Transparency, Privacy, Anonymisation. In: Casanovas P, Pagallo U, Palmirani M, Sartor G (eds) AI Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems: AICOL 2013 International Workshops, AICOL-IV@IVR, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, July 21-27, 2013 and AICOL-V@SINTELNET-JURIX, Bologna, Italy, December 11, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 41–53

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources.

Blog post

Davis J (2016) Fifty Years Ago, The Sugar Industry Was Funding Research Downplaying Its Effect On Health. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) Airline Competition: Industry Operating and Marketing Practices Limit Market Entry. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sexton SM (2017) Progress Toward Analytic Predictions of Supersonic Hydrocarbon-Air Combustion: Computation of Ignition Times and Supersonic Mixing Layers. Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M (2012) I.O.C. Rejects ’72 Remembrance. New York Times B10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Xu 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Flatt and Promislow 2007; Xu 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Flatt and Promislow 2007)
Three or more authors: (Mazloumian et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources
ISSN (print)	2363-8419
ISSN (online)	2363-8427
Scope