How to format your references using the Geology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marder, E., 2001, Moving rhythms: Nature, v. 410, p. 755.

A journal article with 2 authors

Liao, S., and Seeman, N.C., 2004, Translation of DNA signals into polymer assembly instructions: Science (New York, N.Y.), v. 306, p. 2072–2074.

A journal article with 3 authors

Katsanis, S.H., Javitt, G., and Hudson, K., 2008, Public health. A case study of personalized medicine: Science (New York, N.Y.), v. 320, p. 53–54.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Jaglinski, T., Kochmann, D., Stone, D., and Lakes, R.S., 2007, Composite materials with viscoelastic stiffness greater than diamond: Science (New York, N.Y.), v. 315, p. 620–622.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kontush, A., and Chapman, M.J., 2011, High-Density Lipoproteins: Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Gao, X., Müller, H., Loomes, M.J., Comley, R., and Luo, S. (Eds.), 2008, Medical Imaging and Informatics: 2nd International Conference, MIMI 2007, Beijing, China, August 14-16, 2007 Revised Selected Papers: Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, v. 4987, XIII, 388 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

Steiger, H.-J., Etminan, N., and Hänggi, D., 2015, Dissection of the Aneurysm and Principles of Clipping, in Etminan, N. and Hänggi, D. eds., Microsurgical Brain Aneurysms: Illustrated Concepts and Cases, Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, p. 57–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015, Adidas Create a Shoe Made Almost Entirely From Ocean Garbage: IFLScience, https://www.iflscience.com/environment/adidas-has-created-new-shoe-and-it-s-load-garbage/ (accessed October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1991, Supercomputing in Industry: U.S. Government Printing Office T-IMTEC-91-3.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dimick, E., 2015, A Comparative Study on Pheromone Communication between Schizophyllum species [Doctoral dissertation]: Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lyall, S., 2013, Three Beginnings, Reverse Chronology and A Novel That Starts Over in Every Chapter: New York Times, p. MM22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Marder, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Marder, 2001; Liao and Seeman, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Liao and Seeman, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Jaglinski et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geology
Abbreviation	Geology
ISSN (print)	0091-7613
ISSN (online)	1943-2682
Scope	Geology