How to format your references using the Geology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wickware, P., 2000, Next-generation biologists must straddle computation and biology: Nature, v. 404, p. 683–684.

A journal article with 2 authors

Phillips, P., and Balatsky, A.V., 2007, Physics. Cracking the supersolid: Science (New York, N.Y.), v. 316, p. 1435–1436.

A journal article with 3 authors

Solanki, S.K., Schüssler, M., and Fligge, M., 2000, Evolution of the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field since the Maunder minimum: Nature, v. 408, p. 445–447.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Ni, M., Zhang, W.-Z., Qiu, J.-R., Liu, F., Li, M., Zhang, Y.-J., Liu, Q., and Bai, J., 2014, Association of ERCC1 and ERCC2 polymorphisms with colorectal cancer risk in a Chinese population: Scientific reports, v. 4, p. 4112.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Goldstein, L.S.B., and Schneider, M., 2010, Stem Cells for Dummies®: Hoboken, NJ, Wiley Publishing, Inc.

An edited book

Abraham, A. (Ed.), 2012, Computational Social Networks: Security and Privacy: London, Springer, XIV, 350 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

Pelcat, M., Aridhi, S., Piat, J., and Nezan, J.-F., 2013, A System-Level Architecture Model, in Aridhi, S., Piat, J., and Nezan, J.-F. eds., Physical Layer Multi-Core Prototyping: A Dataflow-Based Approach for LTE eNodeB, London, Springer, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, p. 103–121.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geology.

Blog post

Taub, B., 2016, Rice And Wheat Production Use More Water Than All Other Crops Put Together: IFLScience, https://www.iflscience.com/environment/rice-and-wheat-production-use-more-water-than-all-other-crops-put-together/ (accessed October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1992, Depository Institutions: Contracting Practices With Data Processing Servicers: U.S. Government Printing Office GGD-92-19.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Peters, A., 2009, The mark of gender: Depicting power and the female body in colonial Peru [Doctoral dissertation]: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Novick, S.M., 2013, Saving Summer in a Jar: New York Times, p. LI10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wickware, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Wickware, 2000; Phillips and Balatsky, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Phillips and Balatsky, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Ni et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geology
Abbreviation	Geology
ISSN (print)	0091-7613
ISSN (online)	1943-2682
Scope	Geology