How to format your references using the Geology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brauer, J., 2005, Establishing indicators for biodiversity: Science (New York, N.Y.), v. 308, p. 791–2; author reply 791-2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Reik, W., and Dean, W., 2002, Back to the beginning: Nature, v. 420, p. 127.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wearn, O.R., Reuman, D.C., and Ewers, R.M., 2013, Response to comment on “Extinction debt and windows of conservation opportunity in the Brazilian Amazon”: Science (New York, N.Y.), v. 339, p. 271.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Riddell, B.E., Beamish, R.J., Richards, L.J., and Candy, J.R., 2008, Comment on “Declining wild salmon populations in relation to parasites from farm salmon”: Science (New York, N.Y.), v. 322, p. 1790; author reply 1790.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bauer, E., 2010, Design for Reliability: Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Kovalev, M., 2014, A Pipelined Multi-core MIPS Machine: Hardware Implementation and Correctness Proof (S. M. Müller & W. J. Paul, Eds.): Cham, Springer International Publishing, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, v. 9000, XII, 352 p. 147 illus p.

A chapter in an edited book

Ferrise, R., Moriondo, M., Trombi, G., Miglietta, F., and Bindi, M., 2013, Climate Change Impacts on Typical Mediterranean Crops and Evaluation of Adaptation Strategies to Cope With, in Navarra, A. and Tubiana, L. eds., Regional Assessment of Climate Change in the Mediterranean: Volume 2: Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services and People, Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands, Advances in Global Change Research, p. 49–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geology.

Blog post

Evans, K., 2017, 2 Tragedies Intersected To Give This Man A Face Transplant — And The Story That Unfolded Is Powerful: IFLScience,.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2004, Coast Guard Programs: Relationship between Resources Used and Results Achieved Needs to Be Clearer: U.S. Government Printing Office GAO-04-432.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Weitkunat, S., 2015, Facies and Log Analysis of the Tuscaloosa Marine Shale [Doctoral dissertation]: University of Louisiana.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S., 2007, Dmitri Prigov, 66, Poet Who Challenged Soviet Authority: New York Times, p. A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brauer, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Reik and Dean, 2002; Brauer, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Reik and Dean, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Riddell et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geology
Abbreviation	Geology
ISSN (print)	0091-7613
ISSN (online)	1943-2682
Scope	Geology