How to format your references using the Geology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Petherick, A., 2010, Development: Mother’s milk: A rich opportunity: Nature, v. 468, p. S5-7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Karpicke, J.D., and Blunt, J.R., 2011, Retrieval practice produces more learning than elaborative studying with concept mapping: Science (New York, N.Y.), v. 331, p. 772–775.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schumacher, M.A., Hurlburt, B.K., and Brennan, R.G., 2001, Crystal structures of SarA, a pleiotropic regulator of virulence genes in S. aureus: Nature, v. 409, p. 215–219.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Sime, L.C., Wolff, E.W., Oliver, K.I.C., and Tindall, J.C., 2009, Evidence for warmer interglacials in East Antarctic ice cores: Nature, v. 462, p. 342–345.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bertolini, L., Elsener, B., Pedeferri, P., and Polder, R.B., 2003, Corrosion of Steel in Concrete: Weinheim, FRG, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Barceló, D., and Hansen, P.-D. (Eds.), 2009, Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring of Aquatic Systems: Bioanalytical and Chemical Methods for Endocrine Disruptors: Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, v. 5J, XVI, 278 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

Volchkov, V.V., and Volchkov, V.V., 2009, Non-Euclidean Analogues of Plane Waves, in Volchkov, V.V. ed., Harmonic Analysis of Mean Periodic Functions on Symmetric Spaces and the Heisenberg Group, London, Springer, Springer Monographs in Mathematics, p. 135–152.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geology.

Blog post

Taub, B., 2016, Riding A Roller Coaster Can Help Get Rid Of Kidney Stones: IFLScience,.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2005, Independent Media Development Abroad: Challenges Exist in Implementing U.S. Efforts and Measuring Results: U.S. Government Printing Office GAO-05-803.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Oparnica, D., 2013, The role of nurses in health care reform: A project report [Doctoral dissertation]: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bernstein, J., and Spielberg, B., 2017, Medicaid Work Rules Won’t Work: New York Times, p. A25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Petherick, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Petherick, 2010; Karpicke and Blunt, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Karpicke and Blunt, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Sime et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geology
Abbreviation	Geology
ISSN (print)	0091-7613
ISSN (online)	1943-2682
Scope	Geology