How to format your references using the Geological Magazine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geological Magazine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rausher, M.D. 2007. Comment on ‘Evolutionary paths underlying flower color variation in Antirrhinum’. Science (New York, N.Y.) 315(5811), 461; author reply 461.

A journal article with 2 authors

DeConto, R.M. & Pollard, D. 2003. Rapid Cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2. Nature 421(6920), 245–249.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kim, J., Ashenhurst, J.A. & Movassaghi, M. 2009. Total synthesis of (+)-11,11’-dideoxyverticillin A. Science (New York, N.Y.) 324(5924), 238–241.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Engin, F., Nguyen, T., Yermalovich, A. & Hotamisligil, G.S. 2014. Aberrant islet unfolded protein response in type 2 diabetes. Scientific reports 4, 4054.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Manuele, F.A. 2007. Advanced Safety Management Focusing on Z10 and Serious Injury Prevention, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,p.

An edited book

Onji, M. 2008. Dendritic Cells in Clinics 2nd Edition. ed. S. Fazle Akbar, Tokyo: Springer Japan, XIV, 194 p. 23 illus., 9 illus. in colorp.

A chapter in an edited book

Karadimce, A. & Davcev, D. 2014. Adaptive Multimedia Delivery in M-Learning Systems Using Profiling. In ICT Innovations 2013: ICT Innovations and Education (eds. V. Trajkovik & M. Anastas), pp. 57–65. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geological Magazine.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015. Revealed For The First Time: Map Sheds Light On Dark Matter That Binds The Universe Together. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1978. Coordination, Policy Development, and Implementation for International Telecommunications Facilities, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office,p.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Atchison, D. 2017. An Examination of Educational Equity: The Impact of Accountability and Finance Reform Policies. Doctoral dissertation. Washington, DC: George Washington University,p.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. 2007. Justices, Voting 5-4, Limit the Use of Race In Integration Plans. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rausher, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Rausher, 2007; DeConto & Pollard, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (DeConto & Pollard, 2003)
Three authors: (Kim, Ashenhurst & Movassaghi, 2009)
4 or more authors: (Engin et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geological Magazine
Abbreviation	Geol. Mag.
ISSN (print)	0016-7568
ISSN (online)	1469-5081
Scope	Geology