How to format your references using the Geological Magazine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geological Magazine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jenkins, A. 2004. Graduate journal: a tough challenge. Nature 427(6972), 378.

A journal article with 2 authors

Matthias, S. & Müller, F. 2003. Asymmetric pores in a silicon membrane acting as massively parallel brownian ratchets. Nature 424(6944), 53–57.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thomas, J.A., Simcox, D.J. & Clarke, R.T. 2009. Successful conservation of a threatened Maculinea butterfly. Science (New York, N.Y.) 325(5936), 80–83.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Wang, K., Graf, D., Li, L., Wang, L. & Petrovic, C. 2014. Anisotropic giant magnetoresistance in NbSb2. Scientific reports 4, 7328.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lalena, J.N. & Cleary, D.A. 2005. Principles of Inorganic Materials Design, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,p.

An edited book

Weintraub, A., Romero, C., Bjørndal, T., Epstein, R. & Miranda, J. eds. 2007. Handbook Of Operations Research In Natural Resources, Boston, MA: Springer US, XVI, 624 p. 65 illusp.

A chapter in an edited book

Nagy, G. 2005. Interactive, Mobile, Distributed Pattern Recognition. In Image Analysis and Processing – ICIAP 2005: 13th International Conference, Cagliari, Italy, September 6-8, 2005. Proceedings (eds. F. Roli & S. Vitulano), pp. 37–49. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geological Magazine.

Blog post

Taub, B. 2016. Large Human Brains May Have Evolved In Order To Judge Others. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1994. Surface Transportation: Tight Budget Environment Requires Sound Investment Strategy, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office,p.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Davis, L.V. 2017. Oxidation Effects on the Magnetic Properties of Iron Phthalocyanine Thin Films. Doctoral dissertation. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach,p.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter, J. 2017. E.U. Leader Urges Simplifying Bloc. New York Times, A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Jenkins, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Jenkins, 2004; Matthias & Müller, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Matthias & Müller, 2003)
Three authors: (Thomas, Simcox & Clarke, 2009)
4 or more authors: (Wang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geological Magazine
Abbreviation	Geol. Mag.
ISSN (print)	0016-7568
ISSN (online)	1469-5081
Scope	Geology