How to format your references using the Geological Magazine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geological Magazine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Koenig, R. 2000. EUROPEAN SCIENCE: Research Behemoth Slated for Overhaul. Science (New York, N.Y.) 289(5487), 2019b.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nesbit, J. & Bradford, M. 2010. 2009 Visualization Challenge. Science (New York, N.Y.) 327(5968), 945–955.

A journal article with 3 authors

Skoglund, G., Nockert, M. & Holst, B. 2013. Viking and early Middle Ages northern Scandinavian textiles proven to be made with hemp. Scientific reports 3, 2686.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Wang, E.T., Sandberg, R., Luo, S., Khrebtukova, I., Zhang, L., Mayr, C., Kingsmore, S.F., Schroth, G.P. & Burge, C.B. 2008. Alternative isoform regulation in human tissue transcriptomes. Nature 456(7221), 470–476.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Martin, J.E. 2013. Physics for Radiation Protection, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA,p.

An edited book

Aspinall, P.J. 2016. The African Diaspora Population in Britain: Migrant Identities and Experiences ed. M. J. Chinouya, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, XXII, 267 pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Mendoza, G. & Khero, Z. 2016. Building Pakistan’s Resilience to Flood Disasters in the Indus River Basin. In Increasing Resilience to Climate Variability and Change: The Roles of Infrastructure and Governance in the Context of Adaptation (ed. C. Tortajada), pp. 81–110. Water Resources Development and Management, Singapore: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geological Magazine.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2014. Jaw-Dropping Time-Lapse Of A Supercell. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1978. Computer Misuse by the Sigma Corporation, a NASA Contractor, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office,p.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

O’Neil, D.M. 2013. Climate frequencies of the early Holocene from Foy Lake, Montana. Doctoral dissertation. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach,p.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yancy, G. 2016. I Am a Dangerous Professor. New York Times, SR7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Koenig, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Koenig, 2000; Nesbit & Bradford, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nesbit & Bradford, 2010)
Three authors: (Skoglund, Nockert & Holst, 2013)
4 or more authors: (Wang et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geological Magazine
Abbreviation	Geol. Mag.
ISSN (print)	0016-7568
ISSN (online)	1469-5081
Scope	Geology