How to format your references using the Geoforum citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geoforum. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

von Boehmer, H., 2006. Immunology. Thoracic thymus, exclusive no longer. Science 312, 206–207.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bourc’his, D., Bestor, T.H., 2004. Meiotic catastrophe and retrotransposon reactivation in male germ cells lacking Dnmt3L. Nature 431, 96–99.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mason, A.C., Oshinsky, M.L., Hoy, R.R., 2001. Hyperacute directional hearing in a microscale auditory system. Nature 410, 686–690.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Nielsen, S.G., Rehkämper, M., Norman, M.D., Halliday, A.N., Harrison, D., 2006. Thallium isotopic evidence for ferromanganese sediments in the mantle source of Hawaiian basalts. Nature 439, 314–317.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

MacIsaac, B., Langton, R., 2011. Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Jewitt, D., 2008. Trans-Neptunian Objects and Comets, Saas-Fee Advanced Course 35, Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Trinci, M., Sessa, B., Menichini, G., Valentini, V., Miele, V., 2015. Abdominal Trauma, in: Miele, V., Trinci, M. (Eds.), Imaging Trauma and Polytrauma in Pediatric Patients. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 65–100.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geoforum.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2014. Climate Change Took Away Pterosaurs’ Teeth [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/climate-change-took-away-pterosaurs-teeth/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2008. Traffic Safety Programs: Progress, States’ Challenges, and Issues for Reauthorization (No. GAO-08-990T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stephens, T., 2012. The evolution of transformative communication patterns in 1-to-1 computing classrooms (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Jacoby, S., 2013. Keep the Gates of Paradise Open. New York Times SR9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (von Boehmer, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Bourc’his and Bestor, 2004; von Boehmer, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bourc’his and Bestor, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Nielsen et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geoforum
Abbreviation	Geoforum
ISSN (print)	0016-7185
Scope	Sociology and Political Science