How to format your references using the Genome Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Genome Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Helm D. Climate policy: The Kyoto approach has failed. Nature. 2012;491:663–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Vollmer SV, Palumbi SR. Hybridization and the evolution of reef coral diversity. Science. 2002;296:2023–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Dulac C, O’Connell LA, Wu Z. Neural control of maternal and paternal behaviors. Science. 2014;345:765–70.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Choi M, Scholl UI, Yue P, Björklund P, Zhao B, Nelson-Williams C, et al. K+ channel mutations in adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas and hereditary hypertension. Science. 2011;331:768–72.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. D’Andrea A, Sjogren J. Veterinary Technician’s Large Animal Daily Reference Guide. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

1. Gorb L, Kuz’min V, Muratov E, editors. Application of Computational Techniques in Pharmacy and Medicine. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Lulle A, King R. Psychosocial Well-Being, Erotic Agency, and Intimate Citizenship. In: King R, editor. Ageing, Gender, and Labour Migration. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016. p. 79–103.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Genome Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. What’s The Most Powerful Natural Disaster That The World Has Ever Experienced? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/whats-the-most-powerful-natural-disaster-that-the-world-has-ever-experienced/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Independent Auditor’s Report on Applying Agreed-Upon Procedures: Fiscal Year 2015 Excise Tax Distributions to the Airport and Airway Trust Fund and the Highway Trust Fund. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015 Nov. Report No.: GAO-16-109R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Childers JW. Evaluating parental opinions of healthy snack guidelines for youth soccer [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Poniewozik J. A Wolf Roaming the Vatican. New York Times. 2017 Jan 12;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Genome Medicine
Abbreviation	Genome Med.
ISSN (online)	1756-994X
Scope	Genetics Molecular Biology Molecular Medicine Genetics(clinical)