How to format your references using the Genome Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Genome Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Butler D. Europe agrees to boost Internet networks used by researchers. Nature. 2000;405:261–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Choi J-K, Bowles S. The coevolution of parochial altruism and war. Science. 2007;318:636–40.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Haynes J-D, Deichmann R, Rees G. Eye-specific effects of binocular rivalry in the human lateral geniculate nucleus. Nature. 2005;438:496–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Moseley JB, Mayeux A, Paoletti A, Nurse P. A spatial gradient coordinates cell size and mitotic entry in fission yeast. Nature. 2009;459:857–60.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Theodore L, Kunz RG. Nanotechnology: Environmental Implications and Solutions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

1. Kazakov D, Smadja G, editors. Particle Physics and Cosmology: The Interface: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Particle Physics and Cosmology: The Interface Cargèse, France 4–16 August 2003. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Austin B, Austin DA. Aeromonadaceae Representatives (Motile Aeromonads). In: Austin DA, editor. Bacterial Fish Pathogens: Disease of Farmed and Wild Fish. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 161–214.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Genome Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. New Evidence Suggests There Are More Dwarf Planets In Our Solar System [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/study-suggests-presence-more-dwarf-planets-our-solar-system/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. IRS’ ADP Budget: Funds for a Suspended Payroll Project Need Further Justification. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 Jun. Report No.: IMTEC-88-44.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. DeHart WP. The leader liminal sphere: A phenomenological inquiry [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. Supreme Court Turns Down Detainees’ Habeas Corpus Case. New York Times. 2007 Apr 3;A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Genome Medicine
Abbreviation	Genome Med.
ISSN (online)	1756-994X
Scope	Genetics Molecular Biology Molecular Medicine Genetics(clinical)