How to format your references using the Genes and Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Genes and Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Levitin C. New Russian science head named. Nature. 2000;405:601.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Price DJ, Rosswog S. Producing ultrastrong magnetic fields in neutron star mergers. Science. 2006;312:719–22.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Okada Y, Higuchi H, Hirokawa N. Processivity of the single-headed kinesin KIF1A through biased binding to tubulin. Nature. 2003;424:574–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Muellbacher W, Ziemann U, Wissel J, Dang N, Kofler M, Facchini S, et al. Early consolidation in human primary motor cortex. Nature. 2002;415:640–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Pelto M. Recent Climate Change Impacts on Mountain Glaciers. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

1. Arai K, Kapoor S, Bhatia R, editors. Intelligent Systems in Science and Information 2014: Extended and Selected Results from the Science and Information Conference 2014. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Friberg J, Al-Rawi FNH. CBS 8539. A Mixed Metrological Table Text from Achaemenid Nippur. In: Al-Rawi FNH, editor. New Mathematical Cuneiform Texts. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 133–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Genes and Environment.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Why Are Pandas Black And White? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-are-pandas-black-and-white/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: Small Business Innovation Research Shows Success but Can Be Strengthened. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Mar. Report No.: RCED-92-37.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Ritter D. The EU and conflict: Critically assessing the success of the ESDP and its impact in conflict areas [Doctoral dissertation]. [Chapel Hill, NC]: University of North Carolina; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hubbard B. Fitness Classes for Saudi Arabia’s Girls. New York Times. 2017 Jul 12;A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Genes and Environment
Abbreviation	Genes Environ.
ISSN (online)	1880-7062
Scope	Genetics Environmental Science (miscellaneous) Social Psychology