How to format your references using the Genes and Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Genes and Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Gershenfeld N. A quantum conversation. Science. 2001;293:2035–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Gelb MH, Hol WGJ. Parasitology. Drugs to combat tropical protozoan parasites. Science. 2002;297:343–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Morais-Cabral JH, Zhou Y, MacKinnon R. Energetic optimization of ion conduction rate by the K+ selectivity filter. Nature. 2001;414:37–42.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Lelieveld J, Lechtenböhmer S, Assonov SS, Brenninkmeijer CAM, Dienst C, Fischedick M, et al. Greenhouse gases: low methane leakage from gas pipelines. Nature. 2005;434:841–2.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Levin R. Implementing the Wealth Management Index. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Lozovanu D. Optimization of Stochastic Discrete Systems and Control on Complex Networks: Computational Networks. Pickl S, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Freudenburg WR, Gramling R, Laska S, Erikson KT. A “Helpful Explosion.” In: Gramling R, Laska S, Erikson KT, editors. Catastrophe in the Making: The Engineering of Katrina and the Disasters of Tomorrow. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics; 2012. p. 67–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Genes and Environment.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. Starlight Reveals The Complexity Of Enceladus Jets [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/starlight-reveals-complexity-enceladus-jets/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Competition: Effects on Consumers from Domestic Airline Alliances Vary. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Jan. Report No.: RCED-99-37.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Cummings AE. Brain and behavior in children with phonological delays: Phonological, lexical, and sensory system interactions [Doctoral dissertation]. [La Jolla, CA]: University of California San Diego; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kelly S. Op-art; Sub-liminal. New York Times. 2000 Oct 19;A33.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Genes and Environment
Abbreviation	Genes Environ.
ISSN (online)	1880-7062
Scope	Genetics Environmental Science (miscellaneous) Social Psychology