How to format your references using the Gene: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gene: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bortman, H., 2000. Requiem for an observatory. Nature 405, 504–506.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kennel, C., Dressler, A., 2014. Space science. Coping with uncertainty in space science planning. Science 343, 140–141.

A journal article with 3 authors

van Dokkum, P.G., Kriek, M., Franx, M., 2009. A high stellar velocity dispersion for a compact massive galaxy at redshift z = 2.186. Nature 460, 717–719.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Knesel, K.M., Cohen, B.E., Vasconcelos, P.M., Thiede, D.S., 2008. Rapid change in drift of the Australian plate records collision with Ontong Java plateau. Nature 454, 754–757.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Louis, J.-P., 2011. Control of Synchronous Motors. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Huckleberry, A., Penkov, I., Zuckerman, G. (Eds.), 2013. Lie Groups: Structure, Actions, and Representations: In Honor of Joseph A. Wolf on the Occasion of his 75th Birthday, Progress in Mathematics. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Martins, V.F., Kirner, T.G., Kirner, C., 2015. Subjective Usability Evaluation Criteria of Augmented Reality Applications, in: Shumaker, R., Lackey, S. (Eds.), Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality: 7th International Conference, VAMR 2015, Held as Part of HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2-7, 2015, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 39–48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gene: X.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2015. Astronomers Spy Most Distant Known Object In Our Solar System [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/could-be-most-distant-object-solar-system0/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2006. Information Technology: Agencies and OMB Should Strengthen Processes for Identifying and Overseeing High Risk Projects (No. GAO-06-647). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Topdemir, C.M., 2010. School counselor accountability practices: A national study (Doctoral dissertation). University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kaplan, T., Shear, M.D., 2017. As Conservatives Grouse, House Passes Disaster Aid and Debt Limit Package. New York Times A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bortman, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Bortman, 2000; Kennel and Dressler, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kennel and Dressler, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Knesel et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Gene: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1583
Scope