How to format your references using the Gels citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gels. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sutherland, W.J. Review by Quality Not Quantity for Better Policy. Nature 2013, 503, 167.

A journal article with 2 authors

Keller, G.B.; Hahnloser, R.H.R. Neural Processing of Auditory Feedback during Vocal Practice in a Songbird. Nature 2009, 457, 187–190.

A journal article with 3 authors

Maruyama, M.; Lam, K.P.; Rajewsky, K. Memory B-Cell Persistence Is Independent of Persisting Immunizing Antigen. Nature 2000, 407, 636–642.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Donati, J.-F.; Paletou, F.; Bouvier, J.; Ferreira, J. Direct Detection of a Magnetic Field in the Innermost Regions of an Accretion Disk. Nature 2005, 438, 466–469.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Marsh, N. Forensic Photography; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2014; ISBN 9781118852750.

An edited book

Intelligent Autonomous Systems 13: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference IAS-13; Menegatti, E., Michael, N., Berns, K., Yamaguchi, H., Eds.; Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing; 1st ed. 2016.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; Vol. 302; ISBN 9783319083377.

A chapter in an edited book

Martinez, M.-J.; Hinde, J.P. Random Effects Ordinal Time Models for Grouped Toxicological Data from a Biological Control Assay. In Statistical Modelling in Biostatistics and Bioinformatics: Selected Papers; MacKenzie, G., Peng, D., Eds.; Contributions to Statistics; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2014; pp. 45–58 ISBN 9783319045788.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gels.

Blog post

Andrew, E. New Study: No Increase In Brain Cancer Across 29 Years Of Mobile Use In Australia (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office NTSB Access-to-Aircraft Privileges; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1994;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Julian, A. Guided Autobiography Themes for Older Adult United States War Veterans. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rashbaum, W.K.; Schwirtz, M. City Jails Chief Fires Deputy Accused of Eavesdropping. New York Times 2017, A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Gels
Abbreviation	Gels
ISSN (online)	2310-2861
Scope