How to format your references using the Gels citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gels. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Butler, D. Safety Doubts Force Rethink of Embattled Comet Mission. Nature 2003, 421, 198.

A journal article with 2 authors

Miyanari, Y.; Torres-Padilla, M.-E. Control of Ground-State Pluripotency by Allelic Regulation of Nanog. Nature 2012, 483, 470–473.

A journal article with 3 authors

Körtner, G.; Brigham, R.M.; Geiser, F. Winter Torpor in a Large Bird. Nature 2000, 407, 318.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hansen, B.; Østerhus, S.; Quadfasel, D.; Turrell, W. Climate Science. Already the Day after Tomorrow? Science 2004, 305, 953–954.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Levy, G.; Levin, B. The Biostatistics of Aging; John Wiley & Sons, Inc: Hoboken, NJ, 2014; ISBN 9781118645840.

An edited book

Evolution of the Vertebrate Ear: Evidence from the Fossil Record; Clack, J.A., Fay, R.R., Popper, A.N., Eds.; Springer Handbook of Auditory Research; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; Vol. 59; ISBN 9783319466590.

A chapter in an edited book

Traverso, G.; Demirel, D.; Buchmann, J. Suitable Homomorphic Signature Schemes for EVoting, Smart Grids, and EHealth. In Homomorphic Signature Schemes: A Survey; Demirel, D., Buchmann, J., Eds.; SpringerBriefs in Computer Science; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; pp. 53–58 ISBN 9783319321141.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gels.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Possible Link Between Red Meat Consumption And Increased Cancer Risk Identified Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/possible-link-between-red-meat-consumption-and-increased-cancer-risk-identified/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Screening Partnership Program: Improved Cost Estimates Can Enhance Program Decision Making; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2015;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams, C. It’s Not a Beauty Pageant!: An Examination of Leadership Development through Alaska Native Pageants. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona: Tucson, AZ, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Eligon, J. An Open Wound for Transgender African-Americans: ‘We’Re Considered a Joke.’ New York Times 2017, A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Gels
Abbreviation	Gels
ISSN (online)	2310-2861
Scope