How to format your references using the Gels citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gels. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain, C. Concerns over Nuclear Energy Are Legitimate. Nature 2011, 471, 549.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mel’nikov, A.S.; Vinokur, V.M. Mesoscopic Superconductor as a Ballistic Quantum Switch. Nature 2002, 415, 60–62.

A journal article with 3 authors

de la Mare, W.; Gales, N.; Mangel, M. Science and Law. Applying Scientific Principles in International Law on Whaling. Science 2014, 345, 1125–1126.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Henshilwood, C.; d’Errico, F.; Vanhaeren, M.; van Niekerk, K.; Jacobs, Z. Middle Stone Age Shell Beads from South Africa. Science 2004, 304, 404.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chadha, R.; Kant, L. Policy-Driven Mobile Ad Hoc Network Management; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2007; ISBN 9780470227718.

An edited book

Reexamining Academic Freedom in Religiously Affiliated Universities: Transcending Orthodoxies; Garcia, K., Ed.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; ISBN 9783319397863.

A chapter in an edited book

Leburn, C.G.; Reid, D.T. Advances in Solid-State Ultrafast Laser Oscillators. In Ultrafast Nonlinear Optics; Thomson, R., Leburn, C., Reid, D., Eds.; Springer International Publishing: Heidelberg, 2013; pp. 73–103 ISBN 9783319000169.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gels.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Cold Light: Astronomers Go To The Ends Of The Earth To See Cosmic Carbon (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Media Ownership: FCC Should Review the Effects of Broadcaster Agreements on Its Media Policy Goals; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2014;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Arnold, J.M. Accountability in British Columbia: A Case Study Connecting Policy and Practice. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix: Phoenix, AZ, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. Salvage Teams Begin to Raise Russian Sub. New York Times 2001, A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Gels
Abbreviation	Gels
ISSN (online)	2310-2861
Scope