How to format your references using the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America (GEC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dalton R. Palaeoanthropology: face to face with our past. Nature 2002;420(6917):735–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nesbit J., Bradford M. 2009 Visualization Challenge. Science 2010;327(5968):945–55.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mani A., Rahwan I., Pentland A. Inducing peer pressure to promote cooperation. Sci Rep 2013;3:1735.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhong H., Molday LL., Molday RS., Yau K-W. The heteromeric cyclic nucleotide-gated channel adopts a 3A:1B stoichiometry. Nature 2002;420(6912):193–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cliteur P. The Secular Outlook. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

Ablayev F., Mayr EW. Computer Science – Theory and Applications: 5th International Computer Science Symposium in Russia, CSR 2010, Kazan, Russia, June 16-20, 2010. Proceedings. vol. 6072. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

De Marsico M., Distasi R., Nappi M., Riccio D. Multiple Traits for People Identification. In: Sencar HT, Velastin S, Nikolaidis N, and Lian S, editors. Intelligent Multimedia Analysis for Security Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 79–95.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.

Blog post

Luntz S. New Theory Could Rewrite Our Understanding Of Volcanoes. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/volcanic-forces-not-what-you-were-taught/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Bureau of Standards--Information and Observations on Its Administration. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Carver JR. CMO: Chief Marketing Officer or chief “marginalized” officer. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Grisham J. John Grisham’s Suggestions for Writing Popular Fiction. New York Times 2017:BR31.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Gastrointest. Endosc. Clin. N. Am.
ISSN (print)	1052-5157
ISSN (online)	1558-1950
Scope	Gastroenterology