How to format your references using the Frontiers in Sleep and Chronobiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Sleep and Chronobiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Price, C. (2000). Evidence for a link between global lightning activity and upper tropospheric water vapour. Nature 406, 290–293.

A journal article with 2 authors

Livio, M., and Rees, M. J. (2005). Cosmology. Anthropic reasoning. Science 309, 1022–1023.

A journal article with 3 authors

Seoane, J., Le, H.-V., and Massagué, J. (2002). Myc suppression of the p21(Cip1) Cdk inhibitor influences the outcome of the p53 response to DNA damage. Nature 419, 729–734.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chen, L., Zhu, Y., Yang, D., Zou, R., Wu, J., and Tian, H. (2014). Synthesis and antibacterial activities of antibacterial peptides with a spiropyran fluorescence probe. Sci. Rep. 4, 6860.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Morris, G. L. (2014). Investing with the Trend. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Verster, J. C., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Ramaekers, J. G., and Gier, J. J. de eds. (2009). Drugs, Driving and Traffic Safety. Basel: Birkhäuser.

A chapter in an edited book

Alpay, D., Luna-Elizarrarás, M. E., Shapiro, M., and Struppa, D. C. (2014). “Linear Functionals and Linear Operators on $${\mathbb {B}}{\mathbb {C}}$$ B C -Modules,” in Basics of Functional Analysis with Bicomplex Scalars, and Bicomplex Schur Analysis, eds. M. E. Luna-Elizarrarás, M. Shapiro, and D. C. Struppa (Cham: Springer International Publishing), 63–77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Sleep and Chronobiology.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014). Plants With Weapons. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/plants-weapons/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000). Intercity Passenger Rail: Amtrak Will Continue to Have Difficulty Controlling Its Costs and Meeting Capital Needs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Talice, K. W. (2017). An Assessment of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Leadership Competencies. Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Markoff, J. (2016). Devising Real Ethics for Artificial Intelligence. New York Times, B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Price, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Price, 2000; Livio and Rees, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Livio and Rees, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Chen et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Sleep and Chronobiology
Abbreviation	Front. Neurol.
ISSN (online)	1664-2295
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology