How to format your references using the Frontiers in Sleep and Chronobiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Sleep and Chronobiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Psaltis, D. (2002). Coherent optical information systems. Science 298, 1359–1363.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yu, H. K., and Lee, J.-L. (2014). Growth mechanism of metal-oxide nanowires synthesized by electron beam evaporation: a self-catalytic vapor-liquid-solid process. Sci. Rep. 4, 6589.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yashiro, K., Shiratori, H., and Hamada, H. (2007). Haemodynamics determined by a genetic programme govern asymmetric development of the aortic arch. Nature 450, 285–288.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Richardson, J. E., Weitz, F. M., Fay, M. F., Cronk, Q. C., Linder, H. P., Reeves, G., et al. (2001). Rapid and recent origin of species richness in the Cape flora of South Africa. Nature 412, 181–183.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Grous, A. (2012). Fracture Mechanics 1. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Tao, X. (2012). Group Cell Architecture for Cooperative Communications., eds. Q. Cui, X. Xu, and P. Zhang. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Berezansky, Y. M., and Pulemyotov, A. D. (2008). “Image of a Jacobi Field,” in Recent Advances in Matrix and Operator Theory, eds. J. A. Ball, Y. Eidelman, J. W. Helton, V. Olshevsky, and J. Rovnyak (Basel: Birkhäuser), 47–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Sleep and Chronobiology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2017). April Fools’ Day Comet To Swing By Earth This Weekend. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1969). Useful Techniques for Examining Automated Data Processing Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Davidson, W. B. (2010). High school athletics and the “whole adolescent”: A case study of three urban high schools. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K. (2001). 67 Dogs, Some Hot and Some Sly, Have Their Day. New York Times, 144.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Psaltis, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Psaltis, 2002; Yu and Lee, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yu and Lee, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Richardson et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Sleep and Chronobiology
Abbreviation	Front. Neurol.
ISSN (online)	1664-2295
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology