How to format your references using the Frontiers in Schizophrenia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Schizophrenia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Edelaar, P. (2013). Comment on “Evolutionary trade-offs, Pareto optimality, and the geometry of phenotype space.” Science 339, 757.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ahlund, M., and Andersson, M. (2001). Female ducks can double their reproduction. Nature 414, 600–601.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kilner, R. M., Madden, J. R., and Hauber, M. E. (2004). Brood parasitic cowbird nestlings use host young to procure resources. Science 305, 877–879.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kühner, D., Stahl, M., Demircioglu, D. D., and Bertsche, U. (2014). From cells to muropeptide structures in 24 h: peptidoglycan mapping by UPLC-MS. Sci. Rep. 4, 7494.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lombard, M. (2009). SolidWorks® Administration Bible. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

An edited book

Chulaevsky, V. (2014). Multi-scale Analysis for Random Quantum Systems with Interaction., ed. Y. Suhov. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Penn-Bressel, G. (2014). “Sustainable Land Use – Example: Land Take for Settlement and Transport in Germany,” in Factor X: Policy, Strategies and Instruments for a Sustainable Resource Use, eds. M. Angrick, A. Burger, and H. Lehmann (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands), 65–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Schizophrenia.

Blog post

Taub, B. (2016). Having Sex Helps Us Become Immune To Diseases. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1999). Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Delivery of Key Benefits Hinges on States’ Achieving Compliance. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chamberlin, A. A. (2015). Academic-related factors and emotional eating in adolescents. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter, J. (2017). Europe Moves to Collect Taxes From Tech Giants. New York Times, B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Edelaar, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Ahlund and Andersson, 2001; Edelaar, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ahlund and Andersson, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Kühner et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Schizophrenia
Abbreviation	Front. Psychiatry
ISSN (online)	1664-0640
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health