How to format your references using the Frontiers in Primary Immunodeficiencies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Primary Immunodeficiencies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bloodworth, A. (2014). Resources: Track flows to manage technology-metal supply. Nature 505, 19–20.

A journal article with 2 authors

Winograd, I. J., and Roseboom, E. H., Jr (2008). Nuclear waste. Yucca Mountain revisited. Science 320, 1426–1427.

A journal article with 3 authors

Noborisaka, J., Nishiguchi, K., and Fujiwara, A. (2014). Electric tuning of direct-indirect optical transitions in silicon. Sci. Rep. 4, 6950.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hou, S., Larsen, R. W., Boudko, D., Riley, C. W., Karatan, E., Zimmer, M., et al. (2000). Myoglobin-like aerotaxis transducers in Archaea and Bacteria. Nature 403, 540–544.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chartered Institute of Building (2016). Code of Practice for Programme Management in the Built Environment. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Linawati, Mahendra, M. S., Neuhold, E. J., Tjoa, A. M., and You, I. eds. (2014). Information and Communication Technology: Second IFIP TC5/8 International Conference, ICT-EurAsia 2014, Bali, Indonesia, April 14-17, 2014. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Yang, M., and Yu, X. (2015). “Overall Methodology in This Study,” in Energy Efficiency: Benefits for Environment and Society, ed. X. Yu (London: Springer), 43–48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Primary Immunodeficiencies.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). Rats Recognize Expressions Of Pain. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/rats-recognize-pain-expressions/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1973). Protest Alleging Agency Refused To Consider Bid. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Butler, B. K. (2013). Error Floors of LDPC Codes and Related Topics. La Jolla, CA: University of California San Diego.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Otis, J. (2016). A Tutor Is Inspired to Keep Learning. New York Times, A25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bloodworth, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Winograd and Roseboom, 2008; Bloodworth, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Winograd and Roseboom, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Hou et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Primary Immunodeficiencies
Abbreviation	Front. Immunol.
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
Scope