How to format your references using the Frontiers in Primary Immunodeficiencies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Primary Immunodeficiencies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lambers, J. H. R. (2015). Ecology. Extinction risks from climate change. Science 348, 501–502.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sutherland, W. J., and Burgman, M. (2015). Policy advice: Use experts wisely. Nature 526, 317–318.

A journal article with 3 authors

Parker, H. G., Kruglyak, L., and Ostrander, E. A. (2006). Molecular genetics: DNA analysis of a putative dog clone. Nature 440, E1-2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hyland, C., Mertz, A. F., Forscher, P., and Dufresne, E. (2014). Dynamic peripheral traction forces balance stable neurite tension in regenerating Aplysia bag cell neurons. Sci. Rep. 4, 4961.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Saunders, A., and Allen, L. (2010). Credit Risk Management in and Out of the Financial Crisis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Chiarcos, C., Nordhoff, S., and Hellmann, S. eds. (2012). Linked Data in Linguistics: Representing and Connecting Language Data and Language Metadata. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ulubelen, A., and Kolak, U. (2009). “Chemical and Biological Studies with an Aconitum and a Delphinium Species,” in Innovations in Chemical Biology, ed. B. Şener (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands), 39–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Primary Immunodeficiencies.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). U.S. And China Join Forces To Build A Bullet Train Between LA And Las Vegas. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/us-and-china-join-forces-build-bullet-train-between-la-and-las-vegas/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1978). Relevance of GAO Report, “Improvements Needed in DOE’s Efforts To Develop a Financial Reporting System.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Spindel, S. A. (2014). Evaluation of optical sensor platforms for multiplexed detection of proteins. College Park, MD: University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. (2005). JUSTICES TAKE ON SPENDING LIMITS FOR CANDIDATES. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lambers, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Lambers, 2015; Sutherland and Burgman, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sutherland and Burgman, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Hyland et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Primary Immunodeficiencies
Abbreviation	Front. Immunol.
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
Scope