How to format your references using the Frontiers in Pediatrics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Pediatrics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Segall P. Geophysics. Understanding earthquakes. Science (2012) 336:676–677.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dijk D-J, Skeldon AC. Biological rhythms: Human sleep before the industrial era. Nature (2015) 527:176–177.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chen Y-Z, Huang Z-G, Lai Y-C. Controlling extreme events on complex networks. Sci Rep (2014) 4:6121.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Schaal B, Coureaud G, Langlois D, Giniès C, Sémon E, Perrier G. Chemical and behavioural characterization of the rabbit mammary pheromone. Nature (2003) 424:68–72.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sundararajan D. Discretewavelet Transform. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons, Singapore Pte. Ltd. (2015).

An edited book

Spence L, Painter-Morland M eds. Ethics in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: A Global Commentary. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. (2011). XXII, 350 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

Dobosz P, Cierniak R. “Using of EM Algorithm to Image Reconstruction Problem with Tomography Noises.,” In: S. Choras R, editor. Image Processing and Communications Challenges 5. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing (2014). p. 37–43

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Pediatrics.

Blog post

Andrew E. Hawking Believes The Higgs Field Could Wipe Out The Universe—Should We Be Worried? IFLScience (2014) https://www.iflscience.com/space/hawking-believes-higgs-field-could-wipe-out-universe-should-we-be-worried/ [Accessed October 30, 2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: FAA Can Better Forecast and Prevent Equipment Failures. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. (1991).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pockross AF. Campbell, Turner and dog training in Adam Freeman Pockross’s “Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge.” [Doctoral dissertation]. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach. (2010).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear MD, Glanz J. Trump Says U.S. Should ‘Expand’ Nuclear Ability. New York Times (2016)A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Pediatrics
Abbreviation	Front. Pediatr.
ISSN (online)	2296-2360
Scope