How to format your references using the Frontiers in ICT citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in ICT. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kreeger, K. (2003). Access delayed. Nature 422, 96–97.

A journal article with 2 authors

Heller, R. C., and Marians, K. J. (2006). Replication fork reactivation downstream of a blocked nascent leading strand. Nature 439, 557–562.

A journal article with 3 authors

Salganik, M. J., Dodds, P. S., and Watts, D. J. (2006). Experimental study of inequality and unpredictability in an artificial cultural market. Science 311, 854–856.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Yang, C., Xiong, H., Lin, Y., Yao, J., et al. (2010). Acetylation of metabolic enzymes coordinates carbon source utilization and metabolic flux. Science 327, 1004–1007.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bachmann, H., and Steinle, A. (2012). Precast Concrete Structures. Berlin, Germany: Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG.

An edited book

Dwyer, A., Ball, M., and Crofts, T. eds. (2016). Queering Criminology. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

A chapter in an edited book

McComas, W. F. (2014). “Advance Organizers,” in The Language of Science Education: An Expanded Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts in Science Teaching and Learning, ed. W. F. McComas (Rotterdam: SensePublishers), 4–4.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in ICT.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015). New Handheld Probe Detects Cancer Invaders in the Brain. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1991). Medical Residents: Options Exist to Make Student Loan Payments Manageable. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Herman, R. L. (2008). Servant leadership: A model for organizations desiring a workplace spirituality culture. Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M., and Pianigiani, G. (2013). Agent Blames Trainer for Drug-Test Failures. New York Times, B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kreeger, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Kreeger, 2003; Heller and Marians, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Heller and Marians, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in ICT
Abbreviation	Front. ICT
ISSN (online)	2297-198X
Scope