How to format your references using the Frontiers in HIV and AIDS citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in HIV and AIDS. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Phillips, R. (2011). Jonathan Widom (1955-2011). Nature 476, 400.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hambourger, M., and Moore, T. A. (2009). Chemistry. Nailing down nickel for electrocatalysis. Science 326, 1355–1356.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee, D.-H., Kwon, K.-H., and Yi, C. S. (2011). Selective catalytic C-H alkylation of alkenes with alcohols. Science 333, 1613–1616.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Saito, M., Tsounapi, P., Oikawa, R., Shimizu, S., Honda, M., Sejima, T., et al. (2014). Prostatic ischemia induces ventral prostatic hyperplasia in the SHR; possible mechanism of development of BPH. Sci. Rep. 4, 3822.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kitai, A. (2011). Principles of Solar Cells, LEDs and Diodes: The role of the PN junction. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Weinshall, D., Anemüller, J., and Gool, L. van eds. (2012). Detection and Identification of Rare Audiovisual Cues. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Salama, C. R. (2009). “Visual Parameters and Transfer Functions,” in Trends in Interactive Visualization: State-of-the-Art Survey, eds. R. Liere, T. Adriaansen, and E. Zudilova-Seinstra (London: Springer), 99–116.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in HIV and AIDS.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015). Temperature Swings Thousands of Degrees on Hellish Super Earth. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/temperature-swings-thousands-degrees-hellish-super-earth/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012). Motor Carrier Safety: New Applicant Reviews Should Expand to Identify Freight Carriers Evading Detection. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hernandez, R. (2013). Growth and development of greenhouse vegetable seedlings under supplemental LED lighting. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. (2006). 13 Hospitals to Remove Trans Fats From Meals. New York Times, LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Phillips, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Hambourger and Moore, 2009; Phillips, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hambourger and Moore, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Saito et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in HIV and AIDS
Abbreviation	Front. Immunol.
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
Scope