How to format your references using the Frontiers in Fractal Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Fractal Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brinster, R. L. (2002). Germline stem cell transplantation and transgenesis. Science 296, 2174–2176.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lively, C. M., and Dybdahl, M. F. (2000). Parasite adaptation to locally common host genotypes. Nature 405, 679–681.

A journal article with 3 authors

Arora, P. K., Srivastava, A., and Singh, V. P. (2014). Degradation of 4-chloro-3-nitrophenol via a novel intermediate, 4-chlororesorcinol by Pseudomonas sp. JHN. Sci. Rep. 4, 4475.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Nedelec, S. L., Radford, A. N., Simpson, S. D., Nedelec, B., Lecchini, D., and Mills, S. C. (2014). Anthropogenic noise playback impairs embryonic development and increases mortality in a marine invertebrate. Sci. Rep. 4, 5891.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Numai, T. (2010). Laser Diodes and their Applications to Communications and Information Processing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Nerad, M. (2014). Globalization and Its Impacts on the Quality of PhD Education: Forces and Forms in Doctoral Education Worldwide., ed. B. Evans. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

A chapter in an edited book

Kaplan, S. (2011). “Starting from Scratch: Creating Dynamic Characters,” in Teaching Drama in the Classroom: A Toolbox for Teachers, eds. J. K. Dowdy and S. Kaplan (Rotterdam: SensePublishers), 15–16.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Fractal Physiology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). Scientists Enhance Creativity Through Brain Stimulation. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/scientists-enhance-creativity-through-brain-stimulation/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1995). Direct Student Loans: Selected Characteristics of Participating Schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gonzales, D. S. (2012). Identifying factors and quantifying their impact on transportation costs of pre-processes biomass. Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M. (1992). THE 1992 ELECTIONS: CELEBRATION MAN IN THE NEWS: William Jefferson Blythe Clinton; A Man Who Wants to Be Liked, and Is. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brinster, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Lively and Dybdahl, 2000; Brinster, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lively and Dybdahl, 2000)
Three or more authors: (Nedelec et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Fractal Physiology
Abbreviation	Front. Physiol.
ISSN (online)	1664-042X
Scope	Physiology Physiology (medical)