How to format your references using the Frontiers in Fractal Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Fractal Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schoggins, J. W. (2015). IMMUNOLOGY. Viruses carry antiviral cargo. Science 349, 1166–1167.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yen, H.-L., and Peiris, J. S. M. (2012). Virology: bird flu in mammals. Nature 486, 332–333.

A journal article with 3 authors

Miller, P. M., Gavrilets, S., and Rice, W. R. (2006). Sexual conflict via maternal-effect genes in ZW species. Science 312, 73.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wu, L., Yang, X., Duan, X., Cui, L., and Li, G. (2014). Exogenous expression of marine lectins DlFBL and SpRBL induces cancer cell apoptosis possibly through PRMT5-E2F-1 pathway. Sci. Rep. 4, 4505.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pétrowski, A., and Ben-Hamida, S. (2017). Evolutionary Algorithms. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Beldiceanu, N., Jussien, N., and Pinson, É. eds. (2012). Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Contraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimzation Problems: 9th International Conference, CPAIOR 2012, Nantes, France, May 28 – June1, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Hillmert, S. (2010). “Traditional Inequalities and New Insecurities: Long-Term Trends in the Transition to the Labor Market in Germany,” in A Young Generation Under Pressure?: The Financial Situation and the “Rush Hour” of the Cohorts 1970–1985 in a Generational Comparison, ed. J. Tremmel (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 57–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Fractal Physiology.

Blog post

Carpineti, C. (2017). Hundreds of Nuclear Test Clips Have Been Declassified, And The Footage Is Both Awe-Inspiring And Terrifying. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/hundreds-of-nuclear-test-clips-have-been-declassified-and-the-footage-both-aweinspiring-and-terrifying/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1976). Methodology Used in Lease-Versus-Purchase Decision for Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ryan, B. A. (2012). Computer-Based Versus Paper-Pencil Modes of Administration United States Government End of Course Exams: Student Cumulative Grade Point Averages as Predictors of Success. St. Charles, MO: Lindenwood University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman, J. (2016). Donkeys: The Facts. New York Times, D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schoggins, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Yen and Peiris, 2012; Schoggins, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yen and Peiris, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Wu et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Fractal Physiology
Abbreviation	Front. Physiol.
ISSN (online)	1664-042X
Scope	Physiology Physiology (medical)