How to format your references using the Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schübeler, D. (2015). Function and information content of DNA methylation. Nature 517, 321–326.

A journal article with 2 authors

Holme, R., and de Viron, O. (2013). Characterization and implications of intradecadal variations in length of day. Nature 499, 202–204.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hansen, S. B., Tao, X., and MacKinnon, R. (2011). Structural basis of PIP2 activation of the classical inward rectifier K+ channel Kir2.2. Nature 477, 495–498.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mitchell, D. G., Brandt, P. C., Roelof, E. C., Dandouras, J., Krimigis, S. M., and Mauk, B. H. (2005). Energetic neutral atom emissions from Titan interaction with Saturn’s magnetosphere. Science 308, 989–992.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mazar Madjar, H. (2016). Radio Spectrum Management. Chichester, UK: John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Shih, H. (2013). English Writings of Hu Shih: Literature and Society (Volume 1)., ed. C.-P. Chou. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Yin, P., Ye, M., Lee, W.-C., and Li, Z. (2014). “Mining GPS Data for Trajectory Recommendation,” in Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining: 18th Pacific-Asia Conference, PAKDD 2014, Tainan, Taiwan, May 13-16, 2014. Proceedings, Part II, eds. V. S. Tseng, T. B. Ho, Z.-H. Zhou, A. L. P. Chen, and H.-Y. Kao (Cham: Springer International Publishing), 50–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2015). NASA Will Announce A Major Mars Discovery On Monday. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-announce-major-discovery-regarding-mars-monday/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1976). Effectiveness and Morale of the Colorado Wing of the Civil Air Patrol. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lima, A. A. (2009). Racial and cultural identity formation of low-income Brazilian youth of African descent through their experiences and perceptions in formal and informal schools. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barnes, B., and Koblin, J. (2017). ABC’s ‘Live’ Ends Search, Naming Seacrest Co-Host. New York Times, B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schübeler, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Holme and de Viron, 2013; Schübeler, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Holme and de Viron, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Mitchell et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
Abbreviation	Front. Ecol. Evol.
ISSN (online)	2296-701X
Scope