How to format your references using the Frontiers in Cancer Imaging and Diagnosis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Cancer Imaging and Diagnosis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P. (2004). The fame game. Nature 428, 447.

A journal article with 2 authors

Aragão, L. E. O. C., and Shimabukuro, Y. E. (2010). The incidence of fire in Amazonian forests with implications for REDD. Science 328, 1275–1278.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mohn, F., Handler, D., and Brennecke, J. (2015). Noncoding RNA. piRNA-guided slicing specifies transcripts for Zucchini-dependent, phased piRNA biogenesis. Science 348, 812–817.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Erdman, N., Poeppelmeier, K. R., Asta, M., Warschkow, O., Ellis, D. E., and Marks, L. D. (2002). The structure and chemistry of the TiO(2)-rich surface of SrTiO(3) (001). Nature 419, 55–58.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith, C., and Meeking, D. (2013). How to Succeed at the Medical Interview. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Li, Z., Vulkov, L., and Waśniewski, J. eds. (2005). Numerical Analysis and Its Applications: Third International Conference, NAA 2004, Rousse, Bulgaria, June 29-July 3, 2004, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Nason, R. W., and Pathak, K. A. (2012). “Surgical Management of Oral Cancer,” in Controversies in Oral Cancer, eds. K. A. Pathak and R. W. Nason (New Delhi: Springer India), 45–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Cancer Imaging and Diagnosis.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. (2016). Could We One Day Heal The Mind By Taking Control Of Our Dreams? IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/could-we-one-day-heal-the-mind-by-taking-control-of-our-dreams/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1984). [Better Guidance Would Improve ADP Evaluations in Support of the Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act of 1982]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chalmers, T. D. (2009). The social context of advertising: Authenticity, social identity, and reflected appraisals. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. (2007). Rights of Unions and Nonmembers Vie at Court. New York Times, A24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Smaglik, 2004; Aragão and Shimabukuro, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Aragão and Shimabukuro, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Erdman et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Cancer Imaging and Diagnosis
Abbreviation	Front. Oncol.
ISSN (online)	2234-943X
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology