How to format your references using the Frontiers in Cancer Imaging and Diagnosis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Cancer Imaging and Diagnosis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dance, I. (2013). A molecular pathway for the egress of ammonia produced by nitrogenase. Sci. Rep. 3, 3237.

A journal article with 2 authors

Suit, H. D., and Willers, H. (2003). Comment on “Tumor response to radiotherapy regulated by endothelial cell apoptosis” (I). Science 302, 1894; author reply 1894.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ben-David, O., Rubinstein, S. M., and Fineberg, J. (2010). Slip-stick and the evolution of frictional strength. Nature 463, 76–79.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Marois, C., Macintosh, B., Barman, T., Zuckerman, B., Song, I., Patience, J., et al. (2008). Direct imaging of multiple planets orbiting the star HR 8799. Science 322, 1348–1352.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-Reduction Methods for Occupational Safety and Health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

De Nicola, R., and Kühn, E. eds. (2016). Software Engineering and Formal Methods: 14th International Conference, SEFM 2016, Held as Part of STAF 2016, Vienna, Austria, July 4-8, 2016, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

McCormack, W., and Chatterjee, D. (2014). “Technology, Information, and Modern Warfare: Challenges and Prospects in the 21st Century,” in The Ethics of Information Warfare Law, Governance and Technology Series., eds. L. Floridi and M. Taddeo (Cham: Springer International Publishing), 61–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Cancer Imaging and Diagnosis.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014). Scientists Discover 500 Million-Year-Old Fossilized Embryos. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-discover-500-million-year-old-fossilized-embryos/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007). Science and Technology: Information on Federal Programs and Interagency Efforts That Support Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nolan, S. A. (2010). Ecopoetry and ecocentrism: The poetics of Wallace Stevens and William Carlos Williams.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hirsch, G. A. (2012). 60 Years Ago, An Olympic Trifecta Of Endurance. New York Times, SP11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dance, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Suit and Willers, 2003; Dance, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Suit and Willers, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Marois et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Cancer Imaging and Diagnosis
Abbreviation	Front. Oncol.
ISSN (online)	2234-943X
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology