How to format your references using the Frontiers in Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Keil, F. C. (2011). Psychology. Science starts early. Science 331, 1022–1023.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kan, J., and Wang, Y. (2013). Large and fast reversible Li-ion storages in Fe2O3-graphene sheet-on-sheet sandwich-like nanocomposites. Sci. Rep. 3, 3502.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ramer, M. S., Priestley, J. V., and McMahon, S. B. (2000). Functional regeneration of sensory axons into the adult spinal cord. Nature 403, 312–316.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hayama, R., Yokoi, S., Tamaki, S., Yano, M., and Shimamoto, K. (2003). Adaptation of photoperiodic control pathways produces short-day flowering in rice. Nature 422, 719–722.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bauer, E. (2010). Design for Reliability. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Geddes, C. D., and Lakowicz, J. R. eds. (2005). Advanced Concepts in Fluorescence Sensing: Part B: Macromolecular Sensing. Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Egger, C., Dirnhofer, R., and Grabherr, S. (2016). “Postmortem Angiography and the Thanatology of the Vascular System,” in Atlas of Postmortem Angiography, eds. S. Grabherr, J. M. Grimm, and A. Heinemann (Cham: Springer International Publishing), 71–79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014). Orcas Tracked From Above. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/killer-whales-tracked-above/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1984). Secondary Market Activities of the Student Loan Marketing Association. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Morrison, G. K. (2010). Self-reported, interview-assisted diet records underreport protein and energy intake in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland, J. (2016). Ground Zero, Deluged. New York Times, MB4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Keil, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Keil, 2011; Kan and Wang, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kan and Wang, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Hayama et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention
Abbreviation	Front. Oncol.
ISSN (online)	2234-943X
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology