How to format your references using the Frontiers in Aquatic Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Aquatic Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bromm, V. (2012). Astronomy. Embers of the distant past. Science 338, 1160–1161.

A journal article with 2 authors

Loeb, A., and Waxman, E. (2000). Cosmic gamma-ray background from structure formation in the intergalactic medium. Nature 405, 156–158.

A journal article with 3 authors

Weil, D., Graham, M., and Fung, A. (2013). Science and regulation. Targeting transparency. Science 340, 1410–1411.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Qi, Y., Gregory, M. A., Li, Z., Brousal, J. P., West, K., and Hann, S. R. (2004). p19ARF directly and differentially controls the functions of c-Myc independently of p53. Nature 431, 712–717.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Knuth, E. (2011). Trading Between the Lines. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Chai, J. (2011). Deformation Analysis in Soft Ground Improvement., ed. J. P. Carter. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Valeta, T. (2010). “Historical Aspects of Epilepsy: Overview,” in Atlas of Epilepsies, ed. C. P. Panayiotopoulos (London: Springer), 23–25.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Aquatic Physiology.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014). Scientists Discover Fossils from the Most Massive Penguin Ever. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-discover-massive-species-extinct-penguin/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007). Emergency Preparedness: Current Emergency Alert System Has Limitations, and Development of a New Integrated System Will Be Challenging. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Katavic, I. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and sustainable competitive advantage: A case study of the cement industry. Scottsdale, AZ: Northcentral University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

GEORGE GENE GUSTINES; Compiled by DAVE ITZKOFF (2010). Superman’s Debut Comic Sells For $1 Million. New York Times, C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bromm, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Loeb and Waxman, 2000; Bromm, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Loeb and Waxman, 2000)
Three or more authors: (Qi et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Aquatic Physiology
Abbreviation	Front. Physiol.
ISSN (online)	1664-042X
Scope	Physiology Physiology (medical)