How to format your references using the Free Radical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Free Radical Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Niven JE. Behavior. How honeybees break a decision-making deadlock. Science 2012;335:43–44.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Inchausti P, Halley J. Investigating long-term ecological variability using the Global Population Dynamics Database. Science 2001;293:655–657.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Trail D, Watson EB, Tailby ND. The oxidation state of Hadean magmas and implications for early Earth’s atmosphere. Nature 2011;480:79–82.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Conrad DF, Pinto D, Redon R, et al. Origins and functional impact of copy number variation in the human genome. Nature 2010;464:704–712.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Bayor RH. Fiorello La Guardia. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

[1]

Sirois FM, Molnar DS (Eds.). Perfectionism, Health, and Well-Being. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

De Pace B, Ferrari B, Pellacani G, et al. Confocal Microscopy: Improving Our Understanding of Nevogenesis. In: Marghoob AA, editor. Nevogenesis: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Nevus Development. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 59–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Free Radical Research.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. Why We’re More Likely To Date Someone Who Has An Ex. IFLScience 2016;

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. DHS Multi-Agency Operation Centers Would Benefit from Taking Further Steps to Enhance Collaboration and Coordination. 2007;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Boysen J. The ESCRT machinery, required for endosomal trafficking, is a pH-signaling platform. Doctoral dissertation. Columbia University. 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Barry D, Kovaleski SF, Blinder A, et al. From Troubled Child to Aggrieved Killer. New York Times 2016;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Free Radical Research
Abbreviation	Free Radic. Res.
ISSN (print)	1071-5762
ISSN (online)	1029-2470
Scope	Biochemistry General Medicine