How to format your references using the Free Radical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Free Radical Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Baker M. Functional genomics: The changes that count. Nature 2012;482:257, 259–62.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Rubincam DP, Paddack SJ. Planetary science. As tiny worlds turn. Science 2007;316:211–212.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Sorenson MD, Sefc KM, Payne RB. Speciation by host switch in brood parasitic indigobirds. Nature 2003;424:928–931.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Chen S, White BJ, Sanderson MW, et al. Highly dynamic animal contact network and implications on disease transmission. Sci Rep 2014;4:4472.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Permyakov EA, Kretsinger RH. Calcium Binding Proteins. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Hime G, Abud H (Eds.). Transcriptional and Translational Regulation of Stem Cells. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Stouffs R. Sortal Grammars for Urban Design. In: Gero JS, editor. Studying Visual and Spatial Reasoning for Design Creativity. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2015. p. 51–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Free Radical Research.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. Expedition Reveals How The Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Shook And Shaped The Earth. IFLScience 2016;

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Highway Trust Fund: Nearly All States Received More Funding Than They Contributed in Highway Taxes Since 2005. 2010;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Haxton SA. Student Risk Perception in the Undergraduate Teaching Laboratory. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Wagner J. Hot Stove Warms Up: Cespedes Opts Out of Deal. New York Times 2016;SP2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Free Radical Research
Abbreviation	Free Radic. Res.
ISSN (print)	1071-5762
ISSN (online)	1029-2470
Scope	Biochemistry General Medicine