How to format your references using the Free Radical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Free Radical Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Buckholtz NS. Perspective: in search of biomarkers. Nature 2011;475:S8.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Neronov A, Vovk I. Evidence for strong extragalactic magnetic fields from Fermi observations of TeV blazars. Science 2010;328:73–75.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Denholm I, Devine GJ, Williamson MS. Evolutionary genetics. Insecticide resistance on the move. Science 2002;297:2222–2223.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Lee SJ, Woo S-I, Ahn SH, et al. Functional interpretation of metabolomics data as a new method for predicting long-term side effects: treatment of atopic dermatitis in infants. Sci Rep 2014;4:7408.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Fabozzi FJ, Kothari V. Introduction to Securitization. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

[1]

Hjemdahl P, Steptoe A, Rosengren A (Eds.). Stress and Cardiovascular Disease. London: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Fernandes CM, Laredo JLJ, Mora AM, et al. A Study on the Mutation Rates of a Genetic Algorithm Interacting with a Sandpile. In: Chio CD, Cagnoni S, Cotta C, et al., editors. Applications of Evolutionary Computation: EvoApplications 2011: EvoCOMPLEX, EvoGAMES, EvoIASP, EvoINTELLIGENCE, EvoNUM, and EvoSTOC, Torino, Italy, April 27-29, 2011, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 32–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Free Radical Research.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. There Are Two Trillion Galaxies In The Visible Universe. IFLScience 2017;

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Traffic Safety Data: State Data System Quality Varies and Limited Resources and Coordination Can Inhibit Further Progress. 2010;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Miller CK. Incidence and Characterization of Oral Motor, Pharyngeal, and Cervical Esophageal Swallowing Dysfunction in Pediatric Patients with Chiari 1 Malformation. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cincinnati. 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Peters JF, Nikas J, Lyons E. Youth in San Diego: Skateboards, Beach Hangs and Chicano Culture. New York Times 2017;ST4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Free Radical Research
Abbreviation	Free Radic. Res.
ISSN (print)	1071-5762
ISSN (online)	1029-2470
Scope	Biochemistry General Medicine