How to format your references using the Fractal and Fractional citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fractal and Fractional. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Diehl, R.A. Archaeology. Patterns of Cultural Primacy. Science 2005, 307, 1055–1056.

A journal article with 2 authors

Polyak, V.J.; Asmerom, Y. Late Holocene Climate and Cultural Changes in the Southwestern United States. Science 2001, 294, 148–151.

A journal article with 3 authors

Harrington, J.; Palethorpe, S.; Watson, C.I. Does the Queen Speak the Queen’s English? Nature 2000, 408, 927–928.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kurisu, G.; Zhang, H.; Smith, J.L.; Cramer, W.A. Structure of the Cytochrome B6f Complex of Oxygenic Photosynthesis: Tuning the Cavity. Science 2003, 302, 1009–1014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ziegler, M. Geotechnische Nachweise Nach EC 7 Und DIN 1054; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, Germany, 2012; ISBN 9783433601228.

An edited book

Translational Cardiology: Molecular Basis of Cardiac Metabolism, Cardiac Remodeling, Translational Therapies and Imaging Techniques; Patterson, C., Willis, M.S., Eds.; Molecular and Translational Medicine; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, 2012; ISBN 9781617798900.

A chapter in an edited book

Leung, C.K.-S.; MacKinnon, R.K. Balancing Tree Size and Accuracy in Fast Mining of Uncertain Frequent Patterns. In Big Data Analytics and Knowledge Discovery: 17th International Conference, DaWaK 2015, Valencia, Spain, September 1-4, 2015, Proceedings; Madria, S., Hara, T., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2015; pp. 57–69 ISBN 9783319227283.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fractal and Fractional.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Building Blocks Of Life Found Among Organic Compounds On Comet 67P – What Philae Discoveries Mean Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/building-blocks-life-found-among-organic-compounds-comet-67p-what-philae-discoveries-mean/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Essential Air Service: Changes in Passenger Traffic, Subsidy Levels, and Air Carrier Costs; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2000;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lundahl Philpot, E. Social Media Adoption and Use among Information Technology Professionals and Implications for Leadership. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix: Phoenix, AZ, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Tackett, M. Virginia Election May Hinge on Immigrants. Will They Vote? New York Times 2017, A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Fractal and Fractional
Abbreviation	Fractal Fract.
ISSN (online)	2504-3110
Scope