How to format your references using the Forests citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Forests. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ballschmiter, K. Atmospheric Chemistry. A Marine Source for Alkyl Nitrates. Science 2002, 297, 1127–1128.

A journal article with 2 authors

Horvath, P.; Barrangou, R. CRISPR/Cas, the Immune System of Bacteria and Archaea. Science 2010, 327, 167–170.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li, Z.-Z.; Zhang, F.-C.; Wang, Q.-H. Majorana Modes in a Topological Insulator/s-Wave Superconductor Heterostructure. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 6363.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Smith, D.M.; Lopez, L.I.; Lin, R.P.; Barrington-Leigh, C.P. Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes Observed up to 20 MeV. Science 2005, 307, 1085–1088.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

da Silva, L.S.; Simões, R.; Gervásio, H. Design of Steel Structures; Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG: Berlin, Germany, 2012; ISBN 9783433601099.

An edited book

Rousseau, C. Mathematics and Technology; Saint-Aubin, Y., Ed.; Springer Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics and Technology; Springer: New York, NY, 2008; ISBN 9780387692159.

A chapter in an edited book

Ruiz, G.M.; Lorda, J.; Arnwine, A.; Lion, K. Chapter II Shipping Patterns Associated with the Panama Canal: Effects on Biotic Exchange? In Bridging Divides: Maritime Canals as Invasion Corridors; Gollasch, S., Galil, B.S., Cohen, A.N., Eds.; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2006; pp. 113–126 ISBN 9781402050466.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Forests.

Blog post

Hale, T. Idiots Stone Crocodile To Death At A Zoo In Tunisia Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/idiots-stone-crocodile-to-death-at-a-zoo-in-tunisia/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Controls Are Needed Over Indian Self-Determination Contracts, Grants, and Training and Technical Assistance Activities To Insure Required Services Are Provided to Indians; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1978;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moro, J.M. School Improvement Grants at Work: A Study of Urban, Public New England Schools. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University: Malibu, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Eligon, J. The Fight Card Often Features the Race Card. New York Times 2017, D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Forests
Abbreviation	Forests
ISSN (online)	1999-4907
Scope	Forestry