How to format your references using the Forest Ecosystems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Forest Ecosystems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smartt SJ (2015) Astrophysics: A twist in the tale of γ-ray bursts. Nature 523:164–166

A journal article with 2 authors

Voit GM, Bryan GL (2001) Regulation of the X-ray luminosity of clusters of galaxies by cooling and supernova feedback. Nature 414:425–427

A journal article with 3 authors

Grenier IA, Casandjian J-M, Terrier R (2005) Unveiling extensive clouds of dark gas in the solar neighborhood. Science 307:1292–1295

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Liu S-L, Li J, Zhang Z-L, et al (2013) Fast and high-accuracy localization for three-dimensional single-particle tracking. Sci Rep 3:2462

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith JDH, Romanowska AB (1999) Post-Modern Algebra. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Shahid A, Wilkinson K, Marcu S, Shapiro CM (eds) (2012) STOP, THAT and One Hundred Other Sleep Scales, 1st edn. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Tsai M-L (2015) Conflicting Images of Young Taiwanese Children. In: Hsu S, Wu Y-Y (eds) Education as Cultivation in Chinese Culture. Springer, Singapore, pp 87–103

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Forest Ecosystems.

Blog post

Felton J (2017) Video: Drunk Man Attempts To “Shake Hands With Lion” At Zoo. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/drunk-man-attempts-to-shake-hands-with-lion-at-zoo-in-shocking-viral-video/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1979) Interagency Laboratory Use: Current Practices and Recurring Problems. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bouyer J (2017) Temporary Leadership in Athletics: The Experiences of Interim NCAA Directors of Athletics. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kurutz S (2014) The Unsettling Thing About Ellen. New York Times D1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smartt 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Voit and Bryan 2001; Smartt 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Voit and Bryan 2001)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Forest Ecosystems
Abbreviation	For. Ecosyst.
ISSN (online)	2197-5620
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Forestry Plant Science Ecology