How to format your references using the Forest Ecosystems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Forest Ecosystems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Farah MJ (2015) NEUROSCIENCE. The unknowns of cognitive enhancement. Science 350:379–380

A journal article with 2 authors

Ammerman AJ, McClennen CE (2000) URBAN ECOLOGY: Saving Venice. Science 289:1301–1302

A journal article with 3 authors

Nelson WA, Bjørnstad ON, Yamanaka T (2013) Recurrent insect outbreaks caused by temperature-driven changes in system stability. Science 341:796–799

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Fischer G, James SA, Roberts IN, et al (2000) Chromosomal evolution in Saccharomyces. Nature 405:451–454

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ancheyta J (2016) Deactivation of Heavy Oil Hydroprocessing Catalysts. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

An edited book

Orey M, Jones SA, Branch RM (eds) (2012) Educational Media and Technology Yearbook: Volume 36, 2011. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Kalawate AS (2014) Microbial Viral Insecticides. In: Sahayaraj K (ed) Basic and Applied Aspects of Biopesticides. Springer India, New Delhi, pp 47–68

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Forest Ecosystems.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Check Out What Happens When You Submerge A Ping-Pong Ball In Liquid Nitrogen. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/check-out-what-happens-when-you-submerge-ping-pong-ball-liquid-nitrogen/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) ADP Telecommunications: HCFA Needs to Expedite Transition to FTS 2000. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dolan DJ (2017) Structural Evolution of Martin Crater Thaumasia Planum, Mars. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Johnson G (2011) Cancer’s Secrets Come Into Sharper Focus. New York Times D1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Farah 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Ammerman and McClennen 2000; Farah 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ammerman and McClennen 2000)
Three or more authors: (Fischer et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Forest Ecosystems
Abbreviation	For. Ecosyst.
ISSN (online)	2197-5620
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Forestry Plant Science Ecology