How to format your references using the Forest Ecosystems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Forest Ecosystems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Salzberg S (2008) The contents of the syringe. Nature 454:160–161

A journal article with 2 authors

Woodroffe R, Redpath SM (2015) CONSERVATION. When the hunter becomes the hunted. Science 348:1312–1314

A journal article with 3 authors

He W, Cowin P, Stokes DL (2003) Untangling desmosomal knots with electron tomography. Science 302:109–113

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Liu H, Yu X, Li K, et al (2008) Photoexcited CRY2 interacts with CIB1 to regulate transcription and floral initiation in Arabidopsis. Science 322:1535–1539

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hopkins BR (2012) Starting and Managing a Nonprofit Organization. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Hens N (2012) Modeling Infectious Disease Parameters Based on Serological and Social Contact Data: A Modern Statistical Perspective. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Demarcy T, Vandersteen C, Raffaelli C, et al (2016) Uncertainty Quantification of Cochlear Implant Insertion from CT Images. In: Shekhar R, Wesarg S, González Ballester MÁ, et al. (eds) Clinical Image-Based Procedures. Translational Research in Medical Imaging: 5th International Workshop, CLIP 2016, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2016, Athens, Greece, October 17, 2016, Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 27–35

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Forest Ecosystems.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) Global Warming Increases New York Flooding Danger 20-Fold. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1976) NASA’s Choice of a Location for Its Proposed Lunar Curatorial Facility. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garbarini L (2017) Comparison of the Completion Pathways of Four Categories of Doctoral Students from a Midwestern University. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2010) More Teams Would Ruin a Great Thing. New York Times B14

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Salzberg 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Salzberg 2008; Woodroffe and Redpath 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Woodroffe and Redpath 2015)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Forest Ecosystems
Abbreviation	For. Ecosyst.
ISSN (online)	2197-5620
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Forestry Plant Science Ecology