How to format your references using the Forest Ecosystems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Forest Ecosystems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Helgen KM (2011) Evolution. The mammal family tree. Science 334:458–459

A journal article with 2 authors

Sime LC, Wolff EW (2011) Antarctic accumulation seasonality. Nature 479:E1-2; author reply E2-4

A journal article with 3 authors

Meier P, Finch A, Evan G (2000) Apoptosis in development. Nature 407:796–801

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Rhyee J-S, Lee KH, Lee SM, et al (2009) Peierls distortion as a route to high thermoelectric performance in In(4)Se(3-delta) crystals. Nature 459:965–968

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

DeRosa TF (2008) Advances in Polymer Chemistry and Methods Reported in Recent US Patents. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Inzelt G, Lewenstam A, Scholz F (eds) (2013) Handbook of Reference Electrodes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Kemp A, Maguire S, Davis P (2011) Physical Child Abuse. In: Stark MM (ed) Clinical Forensic Medicine: A Physician’s Guide. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp 169–202

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Forest Ecosystems.

Blog post

Davis J (2017) Costa Rica Generated Most Of Its Electricity From Renewable Sources In 2016, But It’s Not What It Seems. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/costa-rica-generated-most-of-its-electricity-from-renewable-sources-in-2016-but-its-not-what-it-seems/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) Airport Improvement Program: Planned Funding Under Letters of Intent. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Martinez CA (2013) Intervention workshops for members of multidisciplinary teams on hoarding: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Otis J (2017) Keeping a Sunny Spirit in the Face of Hardship. New York Times A19

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Helgen 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Helgen 2011; Sime and Wolff 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sime and Wolff 2011)
Three or more authors: (Rhyee et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Forest Ecosystems
Abbreviation	For. Ecosyst.
ISSN (online)	2197-5620
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Forestry Plant Science Ecology