How to format your references using the Forensic Science International: Synergy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Forensic Science International: Synergy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M. Jardine, Astronomy. Sunscreen for the young Earth, Science 327 (2010) 1206–1207.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

H. Pan, B. Chen, Ultra-flexibility and unusual electronic, magnetic and chemical properties of waved graphenes and nanoribbons, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 4198.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A.J. Ridgwell, M.J. Kennedy, K. Caldeira, Carbonate deposition, climate stability, and Neoproterozoic ice ages, Science 302 (2003) 859–862.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Z. Pan, S.J.L. Lerch, L. Xu, X. Li, Y.-J. Chuang, J.Y. Howe, S.M. Mahurin, S. Dai, M. Hildebrand, Electronically transparent graphene replicas of diatoms: a new technique for the investigation of frustule morphology, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6117.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

C. Brown, Fibonacci Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

C.K. Loo, K.S. Yap, K.W. Wong, A.T. Beng Jin, K. Huang, eds., Neural Information Processing: 21st International Conference, ICONIP 2014, Kuching, Malaysia, November 3-6, 2014. Proceedings, Part III, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J.G. Maree, Life Design: An Approach to Managing Diversity in South Africa, in: M.P. Wissing (Ed.), Well-Being Research in South Africa, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2013: pp. 53–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Forensic Science International: Synergy.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, Amphibious Fishes In Hot Water Cool Themselves By Jumping Out, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/warming-waters-fish-cools-itself-jumping-out/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, FTS2001: Transition Challenges Jeopardize Program Goals, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S. Lee, Control-display alignment modulates dimensional salience, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M.W. Walsh, Puerto Rico Begins Choosing Which Payments to Make, New York Times (2015) B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Forensic Science International: Synergy
ISSN (print)	2589-871X
Scope