How to format your references using the Food Structure citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Food Structure. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brock, J. D. (2007). Chemistry. Watching atoms move. Science (New York, N.Y.), 315(5812), 609–610.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shin, J. S., & Abraham, S. N. (2001). Cell biology. Caveolae--not just craters in the cellular landscape. Science (New York, N.Y.), 293(5534), 1447–1448.

A journal article with 3 authors

Murakami, K. S., Masuda, S., & Darst, S. A. (2002). Structural basis of transcription initiation: RNA polymerase holoenzyme at 4 A resolution. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5571), 1280–1284.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Jansen, C. A., de Geus, E. D., van Haarlem, D. A., van de Haar, P. M., Löndt, B. Z., Graham, S. P., Göbel, T. W., van Eden, W., Brookes, S. M., & Vervelde, L. (2013). Differential lung NK cell responses in avian influenza virus infected chickens correlate with pathogenicity. Scientific Reports, 3, 2478.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jacobsson, M., Niemegeers, I., & Heemstra de Groot, S. (2010). Personal Networks. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Williams, C. G. (Ed.). (2006). Landscapes, Genomics and Transgenic Conifers (Vol. 9). Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Allan, K. (2016). The Pragmeme of Insult and Some Allopracts. In K. Allan, A. Capone, & I. Kecskes (Eds.), Pragmemes and Theories of Language Use (pp. 69–84). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Food Structure.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, July 16). Male Black Widows Wreck Females’ Webs To Make Them Less Attractive. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/male-black-widows-wreck-females-webs-make-them-less-attractive/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1978). Minimum Requirements Are Needed for Colleges and Universities To Justify Research Equipment Purchases (HRD-78-52). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Allyasin, F. (2010). Low-cost frequency-domain methods of ruby fluorescence lifetime measurements [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, D. (1995, October 15). The Pink Sheep. New York Times, 729.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brock, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Brock, 2007; Shin & Abraham, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shin & Abraham, 2001)
Three authors: (Murakami et al., 2002)
6 or more authors: (Jansen et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Food Structure
ISSN (print)	2213-3291
Scope	Food Science Bioengineering Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology