How to format your references using the Food Structure citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Food Structure. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pratt, D. W. (2002). Molecular dynamics. Biomolecules see the light. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5577), 2347–2348.

A journal article with 2 authors

Liu, H., & Cheng, L. (2015). Cryo-EM shows the polymerase structures and a nonspooled genome within a dsRNA virus. Science (New York, N.Y.), 349(6254), 1347–1350.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang, K., Mittler, J. E., & Samudrala, R. (2006). Comment on “Evidence for positive epistasis in HIV-1.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5775), 848; author reply 848.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Tarricone, C., Xiao, B., Justin, N., Walker, P. A., Rittinger, K., Gamblin, S. J., & Smerdon, S. J. (2001). The structural basis of Arfaptin-mediated cross-talk between Rac and Arf signalling pathways. Nature, 411(6834), 215–219.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Passarelli, D. (2012). Trading Options Greeks. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Kim, E., & Kim, B. H. S. (Eds.). (2016). Quantitative Regional Economic and Environmental Analysis for Sustainability in Korea (Vol. 25). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Moraitis, A., & Stratakis, C. A. (2016). The Role of Genetics in the Development of Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer. In L. Wartofsky & D. Van Nostrand (Eds.), Thyroid Cancer: A Comprehensive Guide to Clinical Management (pp. 43–70). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Food Structure.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2015, November 15). This Is The Message We Have Sent To Aliens. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/our-message-aliens/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2002). Human Capital Legislative Proposals to NASA’s Fiscal Year 2003 Authorization Bill (GAO-03-264R). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lynch, S. D. (2008). Distortion of low-frequency acoustic signals by interaction with the moving ocean surface [Doctoral dissertation]. University of California San Diego.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. (2008, August 17). Playing in Cooperstown, On a Team of Their Own. New York Times, LI5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pratt, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Liu & Cheng, 2015; Pratt, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Liu & Cheng, 2015)
Three authors: (Wang et al., 2006)
6 or more authors: (Tarricone et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Food Structure
ISSN (print)	2213-3291
Scope	Food Science Bioengineering Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology