How to format your references using the Flow, Turbulence and Combustion citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Flow, Turbulence and Combustion. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sansom, D.M.: IMMUNOLOGY. Moving CTLA-4 from the trash to recycling. Science. 349, 377–378 (2015)

A journal article with 2 authors

Ryan, A.J., Christensen, P.R.: Coils and polygonal crust in the Athabasca Valles region, Mars, as evidence for a volcanic history. Science. 336, 449–452 (2012)

A journal article with 3 authors

Rich, T., Allen, R.L., Wyllie, A.H.: Defying death after DNA damage. Nature. 407, 777–783 (2000)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Jiao, Y., Wickett, N.J., Ayyampalayam, S., Chanderbali, A.S., Landherr, L., Ralph, P.E., Tomsho, L.P., Hu, Y., Liang, H., Soltis, P.S., Soltis, D.E., Clifton, S.W., Schlarbaum, S.E., Schuster, S.C., Ma, H., Leebens-Mack, J., dePamphilis, C.W.: Ancestral polyploidy in seed plants and angiosperms. Nature. 473, 97–100 (2011)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wartenberg, T.E.: A Sneetch Is a Sneetch and Other Philosophical Discoveries. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK (2013)

An edited book

Britten, C.M., Kreiter, S., Diken, M., Rammensee, H.-G. eds: Cancer Immunotherapy Meets Oncology: In Honor of Christoph Huber. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2014)

A chapter in an edited book

Hashimoto, S.: Glucose Metabolism and Liver. In: Ohira, H. (ed.) The Liver in Systemic Diseases. pp. 77–103. Springer Japan, Tokyo (2016)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Flow, Turbulence and Combustion.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: Finding An Affordable Way To Use Graphene Is The Key To Its Success, https://www.iflscience.com/technology/finding-affordable-way-use-graphene-key-its-success/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Information Technology: OMB Needs to Improve Its Guidance on IT Investments. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2011)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Teeter, C.M.: Characterizing the Spatial Density Functions of Neural Arbors, (2010)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J.: Lugo’s Tear to Cost Him Two Weeks, Minimum, (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Flow, Turbulence and Combustion
Abbreviation	Appl. Sci. Res.
ISSN (print)	1386-6184
ISSN (online)	1573-1987
Scope	General Chemical Engineering Physical and Theoretical Chemistry General Physics and Astronomy