How to format your references using the Flow, Turbulence and Combustion citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Flow, Turbulence and Combustion. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bascompte, J.: Ecology. Structure and dynamics of ecological networks. Science. 329, 765–766 (2010)

A journal article with 2 authors

Higgins, C.F., Linton, K.J.: Structural biology. The xyz of ABC transporters. Science. 293, 1782–1784 (2001)

A journal article with 3 authors

Willner, A.E., Wang, J., Huang, H.: Applied physics. A different angle on light communications. Science. 337, 655–656 (2012)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Alerstam, T., Gudmundsson, G.A., Green, M., Hedenstrom, A.: Migration along orthodromic sun compass routes by arctic birds. Science. 291, 300–303 (2001)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Harris, C.: Electricity Markets. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford, UK (2006)

An edited book

Suzuki, S.: Biomaterials for Surgical Operation. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ (2012)

A chapter in an edited book

Miller, R.R.: Ethanol-Induced Lipid Peroxidation and Apoptosis in Embryopathy. In: Watson, R.R., Preedy, V.R., and Zibadi, S. (eds.) Alcohol, Nutrition, and Health Consequences. pp. 35–62. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ (2013)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Flow, Turbulence and Combustion.

Blog post

Andrews, R.: A Solar Storm Put A Crack In Earth’s Magnetic Field

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Civil Agency Aircraft: Agencies’ Use of Certain Aircraft to Transport Passengers. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1988)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Szurley, J.C.: The use of edge detection techniques to analyze thoracoabdominal movement and infer breathing volume, (2010)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly, E.: The Magical Mystery Block, (1998)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Flow, Turbulence and Combustion
Abbreviation	Appl. Sci. Res.
ISSN (print)	1386-6184
ISSN (online)	1573-1987
Scope	General Chemical Engineering Physical and Theoretical Chemistry General Physics and Astronomy