How to format your references using the Flora citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Flora. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain, C., 2000. Stanford accelerator takes lead in race to quantify CP violation. Nature 403, 586–587.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dill, K.A., MacCallum, J.L., 2012. The protein-folding problem, 50 years on. Science 338, 1042–1046.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mihalcescu, I., Hsing, W., Leibler, S., 2004. Resilient circadian oscillator revealed in individual cyanobacteria. Nature 430, 81–85.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Brown, S., Janssen, M., Adumitroaie, V., Atreya, S., Bolton, S., Gulkis, S., Ingersoll, A., Levin, S., Li, C., Li, L., Lunine, J., Misra, S., Orton, G., Steffes, P., Tabataba-Vakili, F., Kolmašová, I., Imai, M., Santolík, O., Kurth, W., Hospodarsky, G., Gurnett, D., Connerney, J., 2018. Prevalent lightning sferics at 600 megahertz near Jupiter’s poles. Nature 558, 87–90.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Courant, R., McShane, E.J., 1988. Differential and Integral Calculus. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Smagghe, G. (Ed.), 2009. Ecdysone: Structures and Functions. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Wong, P.Y.H., Diakov, N., Schaefer, I., 2012. Modelling Adaptable Distributed Object Oriented Systems Using the HATS Approach: A Fredhopper Case Study, in: Beckert, B., Damiani, F., Gurov, D. (Eds.), Formal Verification of Object-Oriented Software: International Conference, FoVeOOS 2011, Turin, Italy, October 5-7, 2011, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 49–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Flora.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. 5 Unsolved Mysteries of Space [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/5-unsolved-mysteries-space/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1996. Highway Trust Fund: Financial Status and Outlook (No. T-RCED-96-169). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cruz, S., 2014. Keeping families together: A grant proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pipher, M., 2014. Nebraska’s Lonely Progressives. New York Times A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Macilwain, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Dill and MacCallum, 2012; Macilwain, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Dill and MacCallum, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Brown et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Flora
Abbreviation	Flora
ISSN (print)	0367-2530
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Plant Science Ecology