How to format your references using the Fine Focus citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fine Focus. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bohannon J. 2010. Why do scientists dance? Science. 330:752.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sinervo B, Clobert J. 2003. Morphs, dispersal behavior, genetic similarity, and the evolution of cooperation. Science. 300:1949–51.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rauzi M, Lenne P-F, Lecuit T. 2010. Planar polarized actomyosin contractile flows control epithelial junction remodelling. Nature. 468:1110–14.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mold M, Ouro-Gnao L, Wieckowski BM, Exley C. 2013. Copper prevents amyloid-β(1-42) from forming amyloid fibrils under near-physiological conditions in vitro. Sci. Rep. 3:1256.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hollin CR. 2016. The Psychology of Interpersonal Violence. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

An edited book

Vullo V. 2013. Rotors: Stress Analysis and Design. Milano: Springer. XXVI, 342 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

Fan P, Haran JG, Dillenburg J, Nelson PC. 2005. Cluster-Based Framework in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks. In Ad-Hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks: 4th International Conference, ADHOC-NOW 2005, Cancun, Mexico, October 6-8, 2005. Proceedings, ed VR Syrotiuk, E Chávez, pp. 32–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fine Focus.

Blog post

Carpineti C. 2017. Video: Bear Breaks Into House, Plays Piano Whilst Family Are Out. IFLScience. www.iflscience.com

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2013. Alternative Methods for Collecting Airport Passenger Facility Charges. GAO-13-262R, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Berbery ML. 2010. Predictors of White adoptive parents’ cultural and racial socialization behaviors with their Asian adopted children. Doctoral dissertation thesis. University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Marx L. 2011. Lori McCoy and Edwin Rossman Jr. New York Times, March 27, p. ST15

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (2).
This sentence cites two references (2, 4).
This sentence cites four references (2, 6–8).

About the journal

Full journal title	Fine Focus
ISSN (print)	2381-0637
Scope