How to format your references using the Fine Focus citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fine Focus. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fisk Z. 2007. Physics. A whiff of chemistry in heavy electron physics. Science. 318:1559–60.

A journal article with 2 authors

Veiseh O, Langer R. 2015. Diabetes: A smart insulin patch. Nature. 524:39–40.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bylander J, Duty T, Delsing P. 2005. Current measurement by real-time counting of single electrons. Nature. 434:361–64.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Weber KL, Sokac AM, Berg JS, Cheney RE, Bement WM. 2004. A microtubule-binding myosin required for nuclear anchoring and spindle assembly. Nature. 431:325–29.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Diab WW, Frazier HM. 2011. Ethernet in the First Mile. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Kirk W. 2014. Fixed Point Theory in Distance Spaces. Cham: Springer International Publishing. XI, 173 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

Eppinger E, Tinnemann P. 2014. Technology Transfer of Publicly Funded Research Results from Academia to Industry: Societal Responsibilities? In Responsible Innovation 1: Innovative Solutions for Global Issues, ed J van den Hoven, N Doorn, T Swierstra, B-J Koops, H Romijn, pp. 67–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fine Focus.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2015. Spectacular New Image Of The Magellanic Clouds Released. IFLScience. www.iflscience.com

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1992. General Services Issues. OCG-93-28TR, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Davidson WB. 2010. High school athletics and the “whole adolescent”: A case study of three urban high schools. Doctoral dissertation thesis. California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. 2015. Puerto Rico to Issue $750 Million in Revenue Bonds for Construction. New York Times, Aug. 12, p. B2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (2).
This sentence cites two references (2, 4).
This sentence cites four references (4–6, 8).

About the journal

Full journal title	Fine Focus
ISSN (print)	2381-0637
Scope