How to format your references using the Finance and Stochastics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Finance and Stochastics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Roff, D.: Evolution. Evolutionary danger for rainforest species. Science. 301, 58–59 (2003)

A journal article with 2 authors

Tomkins, J.L., Brown, G.S.: Population density drives the local evolution of a threshold dimorphism. Nature. 431, 1099–1103 (2004)

A journal article with 3 authors

Iborra, F.J., Jackson, D.A., Cook, P.R.: Coupled transcription and translation within nuclei of mammalian cells. Science. 293, 1139–1142 (2001)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Williams, J.A., Su, H.S., Bernards, A., Field, J., Sehgal, A.: A circadian output in Drosophila mediated by neurofibromatosis-1 and Ras/MAPK. Science. 293, 2251–2256 (2001)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Noar, J.: Interceptive Orthodontics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Oxford, UK (2014)

An edited book

Lorke, A., Winterer, M., Schmechel, R., Schulz, C. eds: Nanoparticles from the Gasphase: Formation, Structure, Properties. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2012)

A chapter in an edited book

Heun, M.K., Carbajales-Dale, M., Haney, B.R.: Stocks and Flows of Embodied Energy. In: Carbajales-Dale, M. and Haney, B.R. (eds.) Beyond GDP: National Accounting in the Age of Resource Depletion. pp. 91–107. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2015)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Finance and Stochastics.

Blog post

Andrew, D.: Why Is It So Hard To Close The Racial Health Gap In The US?, https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/why-is-it-so-hard-to-close-the-racial-health-gap-in-the-us/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Information Technology: Federal Laws, Regulations, and Mandatory Standards to Securing Private Sector Information Technology Systems and Data in Critical Infrastructure Sectors. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2008)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Darvish, H.: Smart Power Grid Synchronization with Nonlinear Estimation, (2015)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yablonsky, L.: Splattered on the Screen, (2011)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Finance and Stochastics
Abbreviation	Finance Stoch.
ISSN (print)	0949-2984
ISSN (online)	1432-1122
Scope	Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty Finance Statistics and Probability