How to format your references using the FEMS Microbiology Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for FEMS Microbiology Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Baltensperger U. Atmospheric science. Aerosols in clearer focus. Science 2010;329:1474–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pardo M, Nurse P. Equatorial retention of the contractile actin ring by microtubules during cytokinesis. Science 2003;300:1569–74.

A journal article with 3 authors

Anderson PW, Brinkman WF, Huse DA. Thermodynamics of an incommensurate quantum crystal. Science 2005;310:1164–6.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Miguel MC, Vespignani A, Zapperi S et al. Intermittent dislocation flow in viscoplastic deformation. Nature 2001;410:667–71.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fulton BS. Drug Discovery for the Treatment of Addiction. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014.

An edited book

Nambiar R, Poess M eds. Performance Characterization and Benchmarking. Traditional to Big Data: 6th TPC Technology Conference, TPCTC 2014, Hangzhou, China, September 1--5, 2014. Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Bial D, Appelmann T, Rukzio E et al. Improving Cyclists Training with Tactile Feedback on Feet. In: Magnusson C, Szymczak D, Brewster S (eds.). Haptic and Audio Interaction Design: 7th International Conference, HAID 2012, Lund, Sweden, August 23-24, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012, 41–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for FEMS Microbiology Ecology.

Blog post

Fang J. Plants Are “Biting” Back With The Same Mineral Found In Human Teeth. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Qualifying for Federal Funding of Tribally Controlled Community Colleges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1981.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen HM. Valuation effects and external adjustment. 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M. Sunsets and Pink Dolphins Along the Amazon. New York Times. April 13, 2014:TR12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Baltensperger 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Pardo and Nurse 2003; Baltensperger 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pardo and Nurse 2003)
Three authors: (Anderson, Brinkman and Huse 2005)
4 or more authors: (Miguel et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Abbreviation	FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	0168-6496
ISSN (online)	1574-6941
Scope	Ecology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Microbiology