How to format your references using the FEMS Microbiology Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for FEMS Microbiology Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sherwood S. A microphysical connection among biomass burning, cumulus clouds, and stratospheric moisture. Science 2002;295:1272–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fairchild AL, Bayer R. Public health. Ethics and the conduct of public health surveillance. Science 2004;303:631–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

Furuya T, Kamlet AS, Ritter T. Catalysis for fluorination and trifluoromethylation. Nature 2011;473:470–7.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Moore RG, Zhang J, Nascimento VB et al. A surface-tailored, purely electronic, mott metal-to-insulator transition. Science 2007;318:615–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rieth M. Pharmazeutische Mikrobiologie. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012.

An edited book

Širáň J, Jajcay R eds. Symmetries in Graphs, Maps, and Polytopes: 5th SIGMAP Workshop, West Malvern, UK, July 2014. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Yates L, Terraschke A. Love, Language and Little Ones: Successes and Stresses for Mothers Raising Bilingual Children in Exogamous Relationships. In: Schwartz M, Verschik A (eds.). Successful Family Language Policy: Parents, Children and Educators in Interaction. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013, 105–25.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for FEMS Microbiology Ecology.

Blog post

Hale T. Russia Might Ban Tobacco For Anyone Born After 2014. IFLScience 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Impact of Illegal Aliens on Public Assistance Programs: Too Little Is Known. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zanjani F. Leadership and decision making of successful Iranian American. 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Fink S, Risen J, Savage C. New Details of C.I.A. Torture, and a New Clash. New York Times. January 19, 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sherwood 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Sherwood 2002; Fairchild and Bayer 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fairchild and Bayer 2004)
Three authors: (Furuya, Kamlet and Ritter 2011)
4 or more authors: (Moore et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Abbreviation	FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	0168-6496
ISSN (online)	1574-6941
Scope	Ecology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Microbiology