How to format your references using the eXPRESS Polymer Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for eXPRESS Polymer Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Golub, T.: Counterpoint: Data first. Nature, 464, 679 (2010).

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Schultz, P. G.; Lerner, R. A.: Completing the circle. Nature, 418, 485 (2002).

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Rappuoli, R.; Miller, H. I.; Falkow, S.: Medicine. The intangible value of vaccination. Science (New York, N.Y.), 297, 937–939 (2002).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Dupont, E.; Hanganu, I. L.; Kilb, W.; Hirsch, S.; Luhmann, H. J.: Rapid developmental switch in the mechanisms driving early cortical columnar networks. Nature, 439, 79–83 (2006).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Vorbrüggen, H.: Silicon-Mediated Transformations of Functional Groups; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, FRG; ISBN 9783527603770.

An edited book

[1]

Food, Media and Contemporary Culture: The Edible Image; Bradley, P., Ed.; Palgrave Macmillan UK: London; ISBN 9781349561025.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Gu, M.; Aslanyan, Z.; Probst, C. W.: Understanding How Components of Organisations Contribute to Attacks. In Secure IT Systems: 21st Nordic Conference, NordSec 2016, Oulu, Finland, November 2-4, 2016. Proceedings; Brumley, B. B., Röning, J., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer International Publishing: Cham, (2016); pp. 54–66 ISBN 9783319475592.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for eXPRESS Polymer Letters.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew, E.: Whole-Body Imaging Reveals AIDS Virus’ Hiding Spots Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/whole-body-imaging-reveals-aids-virus-hiding-spots/ (accessed on Oct 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office: Rural Utilities Service: Opportunities to Operate Electricity and Telecommunications Loan Programs More Effectively; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Sponsel, H.: Was sagte dieser Schiller (damals)? Schillers Antworten auf seine Kritiker nach 1945. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Wilson, M.: An Unconventional Witness. New York Times (2017), A2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	eXPRESS Polymer Letters
ISSN (print)	1778-618X
Scope