How to format your references using the Explorations in Economic History citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Explorations in Economic History. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P., 2002. An electoral lecture. Nature 420, 3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Boal, A.K., Rosenzweig, A.C., 2012. Biochemistry. A radical route for nitrogenase carbide insertion. Science 337, 1617–1618.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lutz, W., Sanderson, W., Scherbov, S., 2001. The end of world population growth. Nature 412, 543–545.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Liu, K.-W., Liu, Z.-J., Huang, L., Li, L.-Q., Chen, L.-J., Tang, G.-D., 2006. Pollination: self-fertilization strategy in an orchid. Nature 441, 945–946.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gray, K.A., Paschkewitz, J.J., 2016. Next Generation HALT and HASS. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Stock, O., Schaerf, M. (Eds.), 2006. Reasoning, Action and Interaction in AI Theories and Systems: Essays Dedicated to Luigia Carlucci Aiello, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Sofronie-Stokkermans, V., 2009. Locality Results for Certain Extensions of Theories with Bridging Functions, in: Schmidt, R.A. (Ed.), Automated Deduction – CADE-22: 22nd International Conference on Automated Deduction, Montreal, Canada, August 2-7, 2009. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 67–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Explorations in Economic History.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2016. How The Brightest Supernovae Become Superluminous [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/how-the-brightest-supernovae-become-superluminous/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2009. Information Security: NASA Needs to Remedy Vulnerabilities in Key Networks (No. GAO-10-4). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Winton, T.W., 2015. Student and Teacher Perceptions of Standards-based Grading and Student Performance (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Beard, M., 2017. Lives in Ruins. New York Times BR17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Boal and Rosenzweig, 2012; Smaglik, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Boal and Rosenzweig, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Explorations in Economic History
Abbreviation	Explor. Econ. Hist.
ISSN (print)	0014-4983
Scope	History Economics and Econometrics