How to format your references using the Expert Systems With Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Expert Systems With Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lazcano, A. (2005). Global voices of science. Teaching evolution in Mexico: preaching to the choir. Science (New York, N.Y.), 310(5749), 787–789.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ptashne, M., & Gann, A. (2003). Signal transduction. Imposing specificity on kinases. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5609), 1025–1027.

A journal article with 3 authors

Moser, D. E., Flowers, R. M., & Hart, R. J. (2001). Birth of the Kaapvaal tectosphere 3.08 billion years ago. Science (New York, N.Y.), 291(5503), 465–468.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Stuchell-Brereton, M. D., Skalicky, J. J., Kieffer, C., Karren, M. A., Ghaffarian, S., & Sundquist, W. I. (2007). ESCRT-III recognition by VPS4 ATPases. Nature, 449(7163), 740–744.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hahn, A., Behle, B., Lischewski, D., & Rein, W. (2002). Produktionstechnische Praxis. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Sun, M., Zhang, M., Lin, D., & Wang, H. (Eds.). (2013). Chinese Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing Based on Naturally Annotated Big Data: 12th China National Conference, CCL 2013 and First International Symposium, NLP-NABD 2013, Suzhou, China, October 10-12, 2013. Proceedings (Vol. 8202). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Toranzo, C. S., Errecalde, M., & Ferretti, E. (2014). On the Use of Agreement Technologies for Multi-criteria Decision Making within a BDI Agent. In A. L. C. Bazzan & K. Pichara (Eds.), Advances in Artificial Intelligence -- IBERAMIA 2014: 14th Ibero-American Conference on AI, Santiago de Chile, Chile, November 24-27, 2014, Proceedings (pp. 54–65). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Expert Systems With Applications.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014, March 21). Star Survives Supernova. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/star-survives-supernova/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1981). Making Evaluations Relevant to Congressional Needs (116233). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Huang, J. (2013). Multispectral Imaging of Skin Oxygenation [Doctoral dissertation]. Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

GEORGE GENE GUSTINES; Compiled by DAVE ITZKOFF. (2010, March 3). Comic Book Writer Accused of Plagiarism. New York Times, C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lazcano, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Lazcano, 2005; Ptashne & Gann, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ptashne & Gann, 2003)
Three authors: (Moser et al., 2001)
6 or more authors: (Stuchell-Brereton et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Expert Systems With Applications
Abbreviation	Expert Syst. Appl.
ISSN (print)	0957-4174
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computer Science Applications General Engineering