How to format your references using the Expert Systems With Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Expert Systems With Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McQuate, G. T. (2014). Green light synergistally enhances male sweetpotato weevil response to sex pheromone. Scientific Reports, 4, 4499.

A journal article with 2 authors

Buchan, J. R., & Parker, R. (2007). Molecular biology. The two faces of miRNA. Science (New York, N.Y.), 318(5858), 1877–1878.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kim, D., Son, S.-W., & Jeong, H. (2014). Large-scale quantitative analysis of painting arts. Scientific Reports, 4, 7370.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Denisov, D., Dang, M. T., Struth, B., Wegdam, G., & Schall, P. (2013). Resolving structural modifications of colloidal glasses by combining x-ray scattering and rheology. Scientific Reports, 3, 1631.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bolstad, W. M. (2009). Understanding Computational Bayesian Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Lee, R. (Ed.). (2016). Applied Computing & Information Technology (Vol. 619). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Farhadian, C. E., & Emmons, R. A. (2010). The Psychology of Forgiveness in the World Religions. In R. F. Paloutzian (Ed.), Forgiveness and Reconciliation: Psychological Pathways to Conflict Transformation and Peace Building (pp. 55–70). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Expert Systems With Applications.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016, May 5). What Lives At The Bottom Of The Mariana Trench? IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2002). Information Technology Services: Agencies Complying with Revision to Federal Acquisition Regulation (GAO-03-32). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Quintero, M. C. (2017). Constructing a Clinical Research Data Management System [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Florida.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wetherille, K. (2012, September 2). Kamakura’s Trail of Treasures. New York Times, 0.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (McQuate, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Buchan & Parker, 2007; McQuate, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Buchan & Parker, 2007)
Three authors: (Kim et al., 2014)
6 or more authors: (Denisov et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Expert Systems With Applications
Abbreviation	Expert Syst. Appl.
ISSN (print)	0957-4174
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computer Science Applications General Engineering