How to format your references using the Expert Systems With Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Expert Systems With Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Maleczka, R. E., Jr. (2009). Chemistry. Copper puts arenes in a hard position. Science (New York, N.Y.), 323(5921), 1572–1573.

A journal article with 2 authors

Miller, F. D., & Kaplan, D. R. (2002). Neurobiology. TRK makes the retrograde. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5559), 1471–1473.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ryu, H.-W., Park, C.-W., & Ryu, K.-Y. (2014). Disruption of polyubiquitin gene Ubb causes dysregulation of neural stem cell differentiation with premature gliogenesis. Scientific Reports, 4, 7026.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Kim, J. M., Wu, H., Green, G., Winkler, C. A., Kopp, J. B., Miner, J. H., Unanue, E. R., & Shaw, A. S. (2003). CD2-associated protein haploinsufficiency is linked to glomerular disease susceptibility. Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5623), 1298–1300.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Norris, L. (2014). Transplant Administration. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Mattheou, D. (Ed.). (2010). Changing Educational Landscapes: Educational Policies, Schooling Systems and Higher Education - a comparative perspective. Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Kaltsas, G. A., & Chrousos, G. (2011). Pseudo-Cushing’s Syndrome. In B. Swearingen & B. M. K. Biller (Eds.), Cushing’s Disease (pp. 57–70). Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Expert Systems With Applications.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, October 30). Of Cats And Cliffs: The Ethical Dilemmas Of The Driverless Car. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/cats-and-cliffs-ethical-dilemmas-driverless-car/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2000). Intercity Passenger Rail: Amtrak Needs to Improve Its Accountability for Taxpayer Relief Act Funds (RCED/AIMD-00-78). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Engel, S. M. (2016). Proform-antecedent linking in listeners with language impairments and unimpaired listeners [Doctoral dissertation]. University of California San Diego.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. (2003, May 28). Warm and Weird Toasts to Russia’s Crown Jewel; St. Petersburg Celebrates 300 Years With Everything From Pornography to Preservation. New York Times, E1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Maleczka, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Maleczka, 2009; Miller & Kaplan, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Miller & Kaplan, 2002)
Three authors: (Ryu et al., 2014)
6 or more authors: (Kim et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Expert Systems With Applications
Abbreviation	Expert Syst. Appl.
ISSN (print)	0957-4174
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computer Science Applications General Engineering