How to format your references using the Experimental Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Experimental Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gavaghan H (2000). New UK legislation aids fight against discrimination. Nature 405, 716–717.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hunter CA & Mayers PC (2001). Knot tied around an octahedral metal centre. Nature 411, 763.

A journal article with 3 authors

Anderson PW, Brinkman WF & Huse DA (2005). Thermodynamics of an incommensurate quantum crystal. Science 310, 1164–1166.

A journal article with 20 or more authors

Liu G-H, Barkho BZ, Ruiz S, Diep D, Qu J, Yang S-L, Panopoulos AD, Suzuki K, Kurian L, Walsh C, Thompson J, Boue S, Fung HL, Sancho-Martinez I, Zhang K, Yates J 3rd & Izpisua Belmonte JC (2011). Recapitulation of premature ageing with iPSCs from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Nature 472, 221–225.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shunmugaperumal T (2010). Biofilm Eradication and Prevention. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Prasad R, Dixit S, van Nee R & Ojanpera T eds. (2011). Globalization of Mobile and Wireless Communications: Today and in 2020. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhu Y-C (2013). Signaling Mechanisms Underlying the Hydrogen Sulfide Effects: Identification of Hydrogen Sulfide “Receptors.” In Hydrogen Sulfide and its Therapeutic Applications, ed. Kimura H, pp. 83–107. Springer, Vienna.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Experimental Physiology.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014). Albino Whale Caught On Video. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/albino-whale-caught-video/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2009). Technology Transfer: Clearer Priorities and Greater Use of Innovative Approaches Could Increase the Effectiveness of Technology Transfer at Department of Energy Laboratories. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson TF (2017). The Aircraft Electric Taxi System: A Qualitative Multi Case Study (Doctoral dissertation thesis). Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C (2013). At These Screenings, the Writers Get the Applause. New York TimesA25B.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gavaghan, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Gavaghan, 2000; Hunter & Mayers, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hunter & Mayers, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Experimental Physiology
Abbreviation	Exp. Physiol.
ISSN (print)	0958-0670
ISSN (online)	1469-445X
Scope	Physiology